Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma
Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is the seventh-leading cause of cancer death. Poor prognosis is a result of late presentation, a lack of screening tests and the fact some patients develop resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. N...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-08-01
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| Series: | Cancers |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/17/4265 |
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| author | Tarak Chouari Francesca Soraya La Costa Nabeel Merali Maria-Danae Jessel Shivan Sivakumar Nicola Annels Adam E. Frampton |
| author_facet | Tarak Chouari Francesca Soraya La Costa Nabeel Merali Maria-Danae Jessel Shivan Sivakumar Nicola Annels Adam E. Frampton |
| author_sort | Tarak Chouari |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is the seventh-leading cause of cancer death. Poor prognosis is a result of late presentation, a lack of screening tests and the fact some patients develop resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Novel therapies like immunotherapeutics have been of recent interest in pancreatic cancer. However, this field remains in its infancy with much to unravel. Immunotherapy and other targeted therapies have yet to yield significant progress in treating PDAC, primarily due to our limited understanding of the disease immune mechanisms and its intricate interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we provide an overview of current novel immunotherapies which have been studied in the field of pancreatic cancer. We discuss their mechanisms, evidence available in pancreatic cancer as well as the limitations of such therapies. We showcase the potential role of combining novel therapies in PDAC, postulate their potential clinical implications and the hurdles associated with their use in PDAC. Therapies discussed with include programmed death checkpoint inhibitors, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell therapy, oncolytic viral therapy and vaccine therapies including KRAS vaccines, Telomerase vaccines, Gastrin Vaccines, Survivin-targeting vaccines, Heat-shock protein (HSP) peptide complex-based vaccines, MUC-1 targeting vaccines, Listeria based vaccines and Dendritic cell-based vaccines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:26:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5477ea5fe7c84d9a99e34f4b4d07c03a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6694 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T23:26:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cancers |
| spelling | doaj.art-5477ea5fe7c84d9a99e34f4b4d07c03a2023-11-19T07:55:27ZengMDPI AGCancers2072-66942023-08-011517426510.3390/cancers15174265Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal AdenocarcinomaTarak Chouari0Francesca Soraya La Costa1Nabeel Merali2Maria-Danae Jessel3Shivan Sivakumar4Nicola Annels5Adam E. Frampton6Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UKHepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UKHepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UKSection of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UKOncology Department and Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, Birmingham Medical School, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UKSection of Oncology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Surrey, Guildford GU2 7WG, UKHepato-Pancreato-Biliary Department, Royal Surrey NHS Foundation Trust, Guildford GU2 7XX, UKPancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC) accounts for up to 95% of all pancreatic cancer cases and is the seventh-leading cause of cancer death. Poor prognosis is a result of late presentation, a lack of screening tests and the fact some patients develop resistance to chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Novel therapies like immunotherapeutics have been of recent interest in pancreatic cancer. However, this field remains in its infancy with much to unravel. Immunotherapy and other targeted therapies have yet to yield significant progress in treating PDAC, primarily due to our limited understanding of the disease immune mechanisms and its intricate interactions with the tumour microenvironment (TME). In this review we provide an overview of current novel immunotherapies which have been studied in the field of pancreatic cancer. We discuss their mechanisms, evidence available in pancreatic cancer as well as the limitations of such therapies. We showcase the potential role of combining novel therapies in PDAC, postulate their potential clinical implications and the hurdles associated with their use in PDAC. Therapies discussed with include programmed death checkpoint inhibitors, Cytotoxic T-lymphocyte-associated protein 4, Chimeric Antigen Receptor-T cell therapy, oncolytic viral therapy and vaccine therapies including KRAS vaccines, Telomerase vaccines, Gastrin Vaccines, Survivin-targeting vaccines, Heat-shock protein (HSP) peptide complex-based vaccines, MUC-1 targeting vaccines, Listeria based vaccines and Dendritic cell-based vaccines.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/17/4265pancreatic ductal adenocarcinomaimmunotherapypancreasvaccination therapiesoncolytic viral therapy |
| spellingShingle | Tarak Chouari Francesca Soraya La Costa Nabeel Merali Maria-Danae Jessel Shivan Sivakumar Nicola Annels Adam E. Frampton Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma Cancers pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immunotherapy pancreas vaccination therapies oncolytic viral therapy |
| title | Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full | Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
| title_fullStr | Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
| title_short | Advances in Immunotherapeutics in Pancreatic Ductal Adenocarcinoma |
| title_sort | advances in immunotherapeutics in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma |
| topic | pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma immunotherapy pancreas vaccination therapies oncolytic viral therapy |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6694/15/17/4265 |
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