Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells
High-voltage spinel LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LNMO) is a promising candidate as a lithium-ion battery cathode material to fulfill the high-energy density demands of the electric vehicle industry. In this work, the design of the experiment’s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-10-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/21/7327 |
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| author | Lander Lizaso Idoia Urdampilleta Miguel Bengoechea Iker Boyano Hans-Jürgen Grande Imanol Landa-Medrano Aitor Eguia-Barrio Iratxe de Meatza |
| author_facet | Lander Lizaso Idoia Urdampilleta Miguel Bengoechea Iker Boyano Hans-Jürgen Grande Imanol Landa-Medrano Aitor Eguia-Barrio Iratxe de Meatza |
| author_sort | Lander Lizaso |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High-voltage spinel LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LNMO) is a promising candidate as a lithium-ion battery cathode material to fulfill the high-energy density demands of the electric vehicle industry. In this work, the design of the experiment’s methodology has been used to analyze the influence of the ratio of the different components in the electrode preparation feasibility of laboratory-scale coatings and their electrochemical response. Different outputs were defined to evaluate the formulations studied, and Derringer–Suich’s methodology was applied to obtain an equation that is usable to predict the desirability of the electrodes depending on the selected formulation. Afterward, Solver’s method was used to figure out the formulation that provides the highest desirability. This formulation was validated at a laboratory scale and upscaled to a semi-industrial coating line. High-voltage 1 Ah lithium-ion pouch cells were assembled with LNMO cathodes and graphite-based anodes and subjected to rate-capability tests and galvanostatic cycling. 1 C was determined as the highest C-rate usable with these cells, and 321 and 181 cycles above 80% SOH were obtained in galvanostatic cycling tests performed at 0.5 C and 1 C, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the LNMO cathode required an activation period to become fully electrochemically active, which was shorter when cycled at a lower C-rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:30:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5478cfaf89654c04a26d168d5d249df2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:30:39Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-5478cfaf89654c04a26d168d5d249df22023-11-10T15:02:12ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732023-10-011621732710.3390/en16217327Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch CellsLander Lizaso0Idoia Urdampilleta1Miguel Bengoechea2Iker Boyano3Hans-Jürgen Grande4Imanol Landa-Medrano5Aitor Eguia-Barrio6Iratxe de Meatza7CIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainCIDETEC, Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), 20014 Donostia-San Sebastian, SpainHigh-voltage spinel LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> (LNMO) is a promising candidate as a lithium-ion battery cathode material to fulfill the high-energy density demands of the electric vehicle industry. In this work, the design of the experiment’s methodology has been used to analyze the influence of the ratio of the different components in the electrode preparation feasibility of laboratory-scale coatings and their electrochemical response. Different outputs were defined to evaluate the formulations studied, and Derringer–Suich’s methodology was applied to obtain an equation that is usable to predict the desirability of the electrodes depending on the selected formulation. Afterward, Solver’s method was used to figure out the formulation that provides the highest desirability. This formulation was validated at a laboratory scale and upscaled to a semi-industrial coating line. High-voltage 1 Ah lithium-ion pouch cells were assembled with LNMO cathodes and graphite-based anodes and subjected to rate-capability tests and galvanostatic cycling. 1 C was determined as the highest C-rate usable with these cells, and 321 and 181 cycles above 80% SOH were obtained in galvanostatic cycling tests performed at 0.5 C and 1 C, respectively. Furthermore, it was observed that the LNMO cathode required an activation period to become fully electrochemically active, which was shorter when cycled at a lower C-rate.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/21/7327lithium-ion batteriesLNMOhigh voltage cellsdesign of experimentspouch cells |
| spellingShingle | Lander Lizaso Idoia Urdampilleta Miguel Bengoechea Iker Boyano Hans-Jürgen Grande Imanol Landa-Medrano Aitor Eguia-Barrio Iratxe de Meatza Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells Energies lithium-ion batteries LNMO high voltage cells design of experiments pouch cells |
| title | Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells |
| title_full | Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells |
| title_fullStr | Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells |
| title_short | Waterborne LiNi<sub>0.5</sub>Mn<sub>1.5</sub>O<sub>4</sub> Cathode Formulation Optimization through Design of Experiments and Upscaling to 1 Ah Li-Ion Pouch Cells |
| title_sort | waterborne lini sub 0 5 sub mn sub 1 5 sub o sub 4 sub cathode formulation optimization through design of experiments and upscaling to 1 ah li ion pouch cells |
| topic | lithium-ion batteries LNMO high voltage cells design of experiments pouch cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/16/21/7327 |
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