Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus
Mucus is a complex fluid that coats multiple organs in animals. Various physicochemical properties can alter the diffusion of microscopic particles in mucus, impacting drug delivery, virus infection, and disease development. The simultaneous effect of these physicochemical properties in particle dif...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Physics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.594306/full |
| _version_ | 1818741099436441600 |
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| author | Antonio Cobarrubia Antonio Cobarrubia Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Austin Crispin-Smith Austin Crispin-Smith Antoni Luque Antoni Luque Antoni Luque |
| author_facet | Antonio Cobarrubia Antonio Cobarrubia Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Austin Crispin-Smith Austin Crispin-Smith Antoni Luque Antoni Luque Antoni Luque |
| author_sort | Antonio Cobarrubia |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Mucus is a complex fluid that coats multiple organs in animals. Various physicochemical properties can alter the diffusion of microscopic particles in mucus, impacting drug delivery, virus infection, and disease development. The simultaneous effect of these physicochemical properties in particle diffusion, however, remains elusive. Here, we analyzed 106 published experiments to identify the most dominant factors controlling particle diffusion in mucus. The effective diffusion—defined using a one-second sampling time window across experiments—spanned seven orders of magnitude, from 10–5 to 102 μm2/s. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses identified the anomalous exponent (the logarithmic slope of the mean-squared displacement) as the strongest predictor of effective diffusion, revealing an exponential relationship that explained 89% of the variance. A theoretical scaling analysis revealed that a stronger correlation of the anomalous exponent over the generalized diffusion constant occurs for sampling times two orders of magnitude larger than the characteristic molecular (or local) displacement time. This result predicts that at these timescales, the molecular properties controlling the anomalous exponent, like particle–mucus unbinding times or the particle to mesh size ratio, would be the most relevant physicochemical factors involved in passive microrheology of particles in mucus. Our findings contrast with the fact that only one-third of the studies measured the anomalous exponent, and most experiments did not report the associated molecular properties predicted to dominate the motion of particles in mucus. The theoretical foundation of our work can be extrapolated to other systems, providing a guide to identify dominant molecular mechanisms regulating the mobility of particles in mucus and other polymeric fluids. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:51:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-547c503427334e87824fac076309aa64 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-424X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T01:51:14Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-547c503427334e87824fac076309aa642022-12-21T21:25:01ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Physics2296-424X2021-11-01910.3389/fphy.2021.594306594306Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in MucusAntonio Cobarrubia0Antonio Cobarrubia1Jarod Tall2Jarod Tall3Jarod Tall4Austin Crispin-Smith5Austin Crispin-Smith6Antoni Luque7Antoni Luque8Antoni Luque9Viral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesViral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Physics and Astronomy, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, United StatesViral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Physics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesViral Information Institute, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Mathematics and Statistics, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesComputational Science Research Center, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesMucus is a complex fluid that coats multiple organs in animals. Various physicochemical properties can alter the diffusion of microscopic particles in mucus, impacting drug delivery, virus infection, and disease development. The simultaneous effect of these physicochemical properties in particle diffusion, however, remains elusive. Here, we analyzed 106 published experiments to identify the most dominant factors controlling particle diffusion in mucus. The effective diffusion—defined using a one-second sampling time window across experiments—spanned seven orders of magnitude, from 10–5 to 102 μm2/s. Univariate and multivariate statistical analyses identified the anomalous exponent (the logarithmic slope of the mean-squared displacement) as the strongest predictor of effective diffusion, revealing an exponential relationship that explained 89% of the variance. A theoretical scaling analysis revealed that a stronger correlation of the anomalous exponent over the generalized diffusion constant occurs for sampling times two orders of magnitude larger than the characteristic molecular (or local) displacement time. This result predicts that at these timescales, the molecular properties controlling the anomalous exponent, like particle–mucus unbinding times or the particle to mesh size ratio, would be the most relevant physicochemical factors involved in passive microrheology of particles in mucus. Our findings contrast with the fact that only one-third of the studies measured the anomalous exponent, and most experiments did not report the associated molecular properties predicted to dominate the motion of particles in mucus. The theoretical foundation of our work can be extrapolated to other systems, providing a guide to identify dominant molecular mechanisms regulating the mobility of particles in mucus and other polymeric fluids.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.594306/fullanomalous diffusionmucusmicroscopic particlemeta-analysisrandom forest (bagging) and machine learning |
| spellingShingle | Antonio Cobarrubia Antonio Cobarrubia Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Jarod Tall Austin Crispin-Smith Austin Crispin-Smith Antoni Luque Antoni Luque Antoni Luque Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus Frontiers in Physics anomalous diffusion mucus microscopic particle meta-analysis random forest (bagging) and machine learning |
| title | Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus |
| title_full | Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus |
| title_fullStr | Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus |
| title_full_unstemmed | Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus |
| title_short | Empirical and Theoretical Analysis of Particle Diffusion in Mucus |
| title_sort | empirical and theoretical analysis of particle diffusion in mucus |
| topic | anomalous diffusion mucus microscopic particle meta-analysis random forest (bagging) and machine learning |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fphy.2021.594306/full |
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