Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline
Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal (HM) that harms plant growth and productivity. Phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and osmoprotectants, such as proline (Pro), play an important role in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. We investigated the effect o...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2020-05-01
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| Series: | Agronomy |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/699 |
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| author | Mahmoud R. Sofy Mahmoud F. Seleiman Bushra A. Alhammad Basmah M. Alharbi Heba I. Mohamed |
| author_facet | Mahmoud R. Sofy Mahmoud F. Seleiman Bushra A. Alhammad Basmah M. Alharbi Heba I. Mohamed |
| author_sort | Mahmoud R. Sofy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal (HM) that harms plant growth and productivity. Phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and osmoprotectants, such as proline (Pro), play an important role in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. We investigated the effect of exogenous applications of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination on Pb-stress tolerance in maize as well as their effect on physiological, biochemical, and yield traits. Pb exposure severely affected maize plants, reducing growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) nutrients, as well as enhancing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, osmolytes, and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The application of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination enhanced plant growth and induced pigment biosynthesis, and decreased EL, MDA accumulation, and Pb concentration. All treatments enhanced Pro and total soluble sugar production, glutathione activity, ascorbic acid, phenol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and mineral nutrients. JA, SA, and Pro application improved physiological processes directly or indirectly, thereby enhancing the ability of maize plants to overcome oxidative damage caused by Pb toxicity. The combination of JA, SA, and Pro was the most efficient treatment for maize plant growth and development, eliminating the negative consequences of Pb stress. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:50:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-547ea6b7183b460499d641180a965133 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4395 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T19:50:31Z |
| publishDate | 2020-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Agronomy |
| spelling | doaj.art-547ea6b7183b460499d641180a9651332023-11-20T00:25:12ZengMDPI AGAgronomy2073-43952020-05-0110569910.3390/agronomy10050699Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and ProlineMahmoud R. Sofy0Mahmoud F. Seleiman1Bushra A. Alhammad2Basmah M. Alharbi3Heba I. Mohamed4Botany and Microbiology Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Azhar University, Nasr City 11884, Cairo, EgyptPlant Production Department, College of Food and Agriculture Sciences, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2460, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaBiology Department, College of Science and Humanity Studies, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al Kharj Box 292, Riyadh 11942, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Biology, Faculty of Science, University of Tabuk, Tabuk 71491, Saudi ArabiaBiological and Geological Science Department, Faculty of Education, Ain Shams University, Cairo 11566, EgyptLead (Pb) is a toxic heavy metal (HM) that harms plant growth and productivity. Phytohormones, such as jasmonic acid (JA) and salicylic acid (SA), and osmoprotectants, such as proline (Pro), play an important role in the physiological and biochemical processes of plants. We investigated the effect of exogenous applications of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination on Pb-stress tolerance in maize as well as their effect on physiological, biochemical, and yield traits. Pb exposure severely affected maize plants, reducing growth, yield, photosynthetic pigments, and mineral (nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium) nutrients, as well as enhancing electrolyte leakage (EL), malondialdehyde (MDA) accumulation, osmolytes, and non-enzymatic and enzymatic antioxidants. The application of JA, SA, Pro, and their combination enhanced plant growth and induced pigment biosynthesis, and decreased EL, MDA accumulation, and Pb concentration. All treatments enhanced Pro and total soluble sugar production, glutathione activity, ascorbic acid, phenol, superoxide dismutase, catalase, peroxidase, and mineral nutrients. JA, SA, and Pro application improved physiological processes directly or indirectly, thereby enhancing the ability of maize plants to overcome oxidative damage caused by Pb toxicity. The combination of JA, SA, and Pro was the most efficient treatment for maize plant growth and development, eliminating the negative consequences of Pb stress.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/699<i>Zea mays</i> L.leadchlorophyllproductivityantioxidant enzymesascorbic acid |
| spellingShingle | Mahmoud R. Sofy Mahmoud F. Seleiman Bushra A. Alhammad Basmah M. Alharbi Heba I. Mohamed Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline Agronomy <i>Zea mays</i> L. lead chlorophyll productivity antioxidant enzymes ascorbic acid |
| title | Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline |
| title_full | Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline |
| title_fullStr | Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline |
| title_full_unstemmed | Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline |
| title_short | Minimizing Adverse Effects of Pb on Maize Plants by Combined Treatment with Jasmonic, Salicylic Acids and Proline |
| title_sort | minimizing adverse effects of pb on maize plants by combined treatment with jasmonic salicylic acids and proline |
| topic | <i>Zea mays</i> L. lead chlorophyll productivity antioxidant enzymes ascorbic acid |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4395/10/5/699 |
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