Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology
Abstract Background Cervical cancer remains a global health problem especially in remote areas of developing countries which have limited resources for cervical cancer screening. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a low-cost, smartphone attachable paper-based microscope when used for cla...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2020-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Women's Health |
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| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12905-020-00902-0 |
| _version_ | 1818775783913553920 |
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| author | Ali Naqvi Niti Manglik Ellen Dudrey Cynthia Perry Zuber D. Mulla Jorge L. Cervantes |
| author_facet | Ali Naqvi Niti Manglik Ellen Dudrey Cynthia Perry Zuber D. Mulla Jorge L. Cervantes |
| author_sort | Ali Naqvi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Cervical cancer remains a global health problem especially in remote areas of developing countries which have limited resources for cervical cancer screening. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a low-cost, smartphone attachable paper-based microscope when used for classifying images of cervical cytology. Methods Cervical cytology samples included: 10 Normal, 10 Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 10 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 10 Malignant Pap Smears. The agreement between conventional microscopy vs. Foldscope imaging was calculated using a weighted kappa coefficient. A confusion matrix was created with three classes: Normal, LSIL, and HSIL/malignant, to evaluate the performance of the Foldscope by calculating the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results We observed a kappa statistic of 0.68 for the agreement. This translates into a substantial agreement between the cytological classifications by the Foldscope vs. conventional microscopy. The accuracy of the Foldscope was 80%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 90% for the HSIL/Mal category, 80 and 83.3%, for LSIL, and 70 and 96.7% for Normal. Conclusions This study highlights the usefulness of the Foldscope in cervical cytology, demonstrating it has substantial agreement with conventional microscopy. Its use could improve cytologic interpretations in underserved areas and, thus, improve the quality of cervical cancer screening. Improvements in existing limitations of the device, such as ability to focus, could potentially increase its accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:02:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5481d47b008c4d1095ff3836bcb01436 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6874 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T11:02:32Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Women's Health |
| spelling | doaj.art-5481d47b008c4d1095ff3836bcb014362022-12-21T21:10:11ZengBMCBMC Women's Health1472-68742020-03-012011610.1186/s12905-020-00902-0Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytologyAli Naqvi0Niti Manglik1Ellen Dudrey2Cynthia Perry3Zuber D. Mulla4Jorge L. Cervantes5Department of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDepartment of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDepartment of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDepartment of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDepartment of Obstetrics and Gynecology and Office of Faculty Development, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoDepartment of Medical Education, Paul L. Foster School of Medicine, Texas Tech University Health Sciences Center El PasoAbstract Background Cervical cancer remains a global health problem especially in remote areas of developing countries which have limited resources for cervical cancer screening. In this study, we evaluated the performance of a low-cost, smartphone attachable paper-based microscope when used for classifying images of cervical cytology. Methods Cervical cytology samples included: 10 Normal, 10 Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 10 High-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 10 Malignant Pap Smears. The agreement between conventional microscopy vs. Foldscope imaging was calculated using a weighted kappa coefficient. A confusion matrix was created with three classes: Normal, LSIL, and HSIL/malignant, to evaluate the performance of the Foldscope by calculating the accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity. Results We observed a kappa statistic of 0.68 for the agreement. This translates into a substantial agreement between the cytological classifications by the Foldscope vs. conventional microscopy. The accuracy of the Foldscope was 80%, with a sensitivity and specificity of 85 and 90% for the HSIL/Mal category, 80 and 83.3%, for LSIL, and 70 and 96.7% for Normal. Conclusions This study highlights the usefulness of the Foldscope in cervical cytology, demonstrating it has substantial agreement with conventional microscopy. Its use could improve cytologic interpretations in underserved areas and, thus, improve the quality of cervical cancer screening. Improvements in existing limitations of the device, such as ability to focus, could potentially increase its accuracy.http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12905-020-00902-0FoldscopeCervical cytologySmart phoneAgreementAccuracy |
| spellingShingle | Ali Naqvi Niti Manglik Ellen Dudrey Cynthia Perry Zuber D. Mulla Jorge L. Cervantes Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology BMC Women's Health Foldscope Cervical cytology Smart phone Agreement Accuracy |
| title | Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| title_full | Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| title_fullStr | Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| title_full_unstemmed | Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| title_short | Evaluating the performance of a low-cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| title_sort | evaluating the performance of a low cost mobile phone attachable microscope in cervical cytology |
| topic | Foldscope Cervical cytology Smart phone Agreement Accuracy |
| url | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12905-020-00902-0 |
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