Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles
The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been reduced since the application of vaccination programs, mostly shown in the reduction of hospitalized patients. However, the emerging variants, in particular Omicron, have caused a steep increase in the number of infections; this increase is, nevertheless,...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/307 |
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| author | Xinyue Chang Xuelan Liu Mona O. Mohsen Andris Zeltins Byron Martina Monique Vogel Martin F. Bachmann |
| author_facet | Xinyue Chang Xuelan Liu Mona O. Mohsen Andris Zeltins Byron Martina Monique Vogel Martin F. Bachmann |
| author_sort | Xinyue Chang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been reduced since the application of vaccination programs, mostly shown in the reduction of hospitalized patients. However, the emerging variants, in particular Omicron, have caused a steep increase in the number of infections; this increase is, nevertheless, not matched by an increase in hospitalization. Therefore, a vaccine that induces cross-reactive antibodies against most or all variants is a potential solution for the issue of emerging new variants. Here, we present a vaccine candidate which displays receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 on virus-like particles (VLP) that, in mice, not only induce strong antibody responses against RBD but also bind RBDs from other variants of concern (VOCs). The antibodies induced by wild-type (wt) RBD displayed on immunologically optimized Cucumber mosaic virus incorporated tetanus toxin (CuMV<sub>TT</sub>) VLPs bind to wt as well as RBDs of VOCs with high avidities, indicating induction of strongly cross-reactive IgG antibodies. Interestingly, similar cross-reactive IgA antibodies were induced in immunized mice. Furthermore, these cross-reactive antibodies demonstrated efficacy in neutralizing wt (Wuhan) as well as SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Beta, Delta, and Gamma). In summary, RBDs displayed on VLPs are capable of inducing protective cross-reactive IgG and IgA antibodies in mice, indicating that it may be possible to cover emerging VOCs with a single vaccine based on wt RBD. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:28Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5483067d47d9444397e0047aba704bd0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:53:28Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-5483067d47d9444397e0047aba704bd02023-11-23T22:26:55ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-02-0110230710.3390/vaccines10020307Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like ParticlesXinyue Chang0Xuelan Liu1Mona O. Mohsen2Andris Zeltins3Byron Martina4Monique Vogel5Martin F. Bachmann6Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandInternational Immunology Centre, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, ChinaDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandLatvian Biomedical Research & Study Center, Ratsupites 1, LV1067 Riga, LatviaArtemis Bio-Support, 2629 Delft, The NetherlandsDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandDepartment of Rheumatology and Immunology, University Hospital Bern, 3010 Bern, SwitzerlandThe impact of the COVID-19 pandemic has been reduced since the application of vaccination programs, mostly shown in the reduction of hospitalized patients. However, the emerging variants, in particular Omicron, have caused a steep increase in the number of infections; this increase is, nevertheless, not matched by an increase in hospitalization. Therefore, a vaccine that induces cross-reactive antibodies against most or all variants is a potential solution for the issue of emerging new variants. Here, we present a vaccine candidate which displays receptor-binding domain (RBD) of SARS-CoV-2 on virus-like particles (VLP) that, in mice, not only induce strong antibody responses against RBD but also bind RBDs from other variants of concern (VOCs). The antibodies induced by wild-type (wt) RBD displayed on immunologically optimized Cucumber mosaic virus incorporated tetanus toxin (CuMV<sub>TT</sub>) VLPs bind to wt as well as RBDs of VOCs with high avidities, indicating induction of strongly cross-reactive IgG antibodies. Interestingly, similar cross-reactive IgA antibodies were induced in immunized mice. Furthermore, these cross-reactive antibodies demonstrated efficacy in neutralizing wt (Wuhan) as well as SARS-CoV-2 VOCs (Beta, Delta, and Gamma). In summary, RBDs displayed on VLPs are capable of inducing protective cross-reactive IgG and IgA antibodies in mice, indicating that it may be possible to cover emerging VOCs with a single vaccine based on wt RBD.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/307COVID-19vaccinevirus-like particleCuMV<sub>TT</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Xinyue Chang Xuelan Liu Mona O. Mohsen Andris Zeltins Byron Martina Monique Vogel Martin F. Bachmann Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles Vaccines COVID-19 vaccine virus-like particle CuMV<sub>TT</sub> |
| title | Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles |
| title_full | Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles |
| title_fullStr | Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles |
| title_full_unstemmed | Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles |
| title_short | Induction of Broadly Cross-Reactive Antibodies by Displaying Receptor Binding Domains of SARS-CoV-2 on Virus-like Particles |
| title_sort | induction of broadly cross reactive antibodies by displaying receptor binding domains of sars cov 2 on virus like particles |
| topic | COVID-19 vaccine virus-like particle CuMV<sub>TT</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/10/2/307 |
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