Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers
Maize is one of the leading global cereals, and in South Sudan maize cultivation occurs in nearly all of the country’s agro-ecological zones. Despite its widespread cultivation, farmers in South Sudan depend on undeveloped varieties, which results in very low yields in the field. In the current stud...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| author | Emmanuel Andrea Mathiang Kyu Jin Sa Hyeon Park Yeon Joon Kim Ju Kyong Lee |
| author_facet | Emmanuel Andrea Mathiang Kyu Jin Sa Hyeon Park Yeon Joon Kim Ju Kyong Lee |
| author_sort | Emmanuel Andrea Mathiang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Maize is one of the leading global cereals, and in South Sudan maize cultivation occurs in nearly all of the country’s agro-ecological zones. Despite its widespread cultivation, farmers in South Sudan depend on undeveloped varieties, which results in very low yields in the field. In the current study, 27 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and population structures among 37 landrace maize accessions collected from farmers’ fields in South Sudan. In total, 200 alleles were revealed with an average of 7.4 alleles per locus and a range from 3.0 to 13.0 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 with an average of 0.35. High polymorphic information content (PIC) values were identified with a mean of 0.69, which indicates the informativeness of the chosen SSR loci. Genetic structure analysis revealed a moderate genetic differentiation among the maize populations with a fixation index of 0.16, while there was very high genetic differentiation within the groups of populations of three regions with a mean fixation index (F) of 0.37. An unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram clustered the 37 maize accessions into three groups with 43% genetic similarity. The clustering pattern of the maize accessions was moderately consistent with their collection area. The findings of this study will provide maize breeders with a better understanding of maize diversification as well as a reserve of genetic resources for use in the selection of advantageous and useful resources for the development of maize varieties in South Sudan. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T19:33:33Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-548f2fee5afa4a85a9659eeaff0c86a22023-11-24T02:05:24ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-10-011120278710.3390/plants11202787Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR MarkersEmmanuel Andrea Mathiang0Kyu Jin Sa1Hyeon Park2Yeon Joon Kim3Ju Kyong Lee4Department of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaDepartment of Applied Plant Sciences, College of Agriculture and Life Sciences, Kangwon National University, Chuncheon 24341, KoreaMaize is one of the leading global cereals, and in South Sudan maize cultivation occurs in nearly all of the country’s agro-ecological zones. Despite its widespread cultivation, farmers in South Sudan depend on undeveloped varieties, which results in very low yields in the field. In the current study, 27 simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers were used to investigate genetic diversity and population structures among 37 landrace maize accessions collected from farmers’ fields in South Sudan. In total, 200 alleles were revealed with an average of 7.4 alleles per locus and a range from 3.0 to 13.0 alleles per locus. The observed heterozygosity values ranged from 0.06 to 0.91 with an average of 0.35. High polymorphic information content (PIC) values were identified with a mean of 0.69, which indicates the informativeness of the chosen SSR loci. Genetic structure analysis revealed a moderate genetic differentiation among the maize populations with a fixation index of 0.16, while there was very high genetic differentiation within the groups of populations of three regions with a mean fixation index (F) of 0.37. An unweighted pair group method with an arithmetic mean (UPGMA) dendrogram clustered the 37 maize accessions into three groups with 43% genetic similarity. The clustering pattern of the maize accessions was moderately consistent with their collection area. The findings of this study will provide maize breeders with a better understanding of maize diversification as well as a reserve of genetic resources for use in the selection of advantageous and useful resources for the development of maize varieties in South Sudan.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/20/2787Maizelandrace accessionagro-ecological zoneSSR markergenetic diversitypopulation structure |
| spellingShingle | Emmanuel Andrea Mathiang Kyu Jin Sa Hyeon Park Yeon Joon Kim Ju Kyong Lee Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers Plants Maize landrace accession agro-ecological zone SSR marker genetic diversity population structure |
| title | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers |
| title_full | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers |
| title_fullStr | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers |
| title_short | Genetic Diversity and Population Structure of Normal Maize Germplasm Collected in South Sudan Revealed by SSR Markers |
| title_sort | genetic diversity and population structure of normal maize germplasm collected in south sudan revealed by ssr markers |
| topic | Maize landrace accession agro-ecological zone SSR marker genetic diversity population structure |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/20/2787 |
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