Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress
The mealworm <i>(Tenebrio molitor</i> Linnaeus 1758) is gaining importance as one of the most popular edible insects. Studies focusing on its bioactivities are increasing, although alternative forms of consumption other than the whole insect or flour, such as bioactive non-protein extrac...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Insects |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/896 |
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| author | Joaquín Navarro del Hierro Emma Cantero-Bahillo M. Teresa Fernández-Felipe Mónica R. García-Risco Tiziana Fornari Patricia Rada Laura Doblado Vitor Ferreira Ana B. Hitos Ángela M. Valverde María Monsalve Diana Martin |
| author_facet | Joaquín Navarro del Hierro Emma Cantero-Bahillo M. Teresa Fernández-Felipe Mónica R. García-Risco Tiziana Fornari Patricia Rada Laura Doblado Vitor Ferreira Ana B. Hitos Ángela M. Valverde María Monsalve Diana Martin |
| author_sort | Joaquín Navarro del Hierro |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The mealworm <i>(Tenebrio molitor</i> Linnaeus 1758) is gaining importance as one of the most popular edible insects. Studies focusing on its bioactivities are increasing, although alternative forms of consumption other than the whole insect or flour, such as bioactive non-protein extracts, remain underexplored. Furthermore, the incidence of metabolic syndrome-related pathologies keeps increasing, hence the importance of seeking novel natural sources for reducing the impact of certain risk factors. The aim was to study the potential of a non-protein mealworm extract on metabolic syndrome-related pathologies, obtained with ethanol:water (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) by ultrasound-assisted extraction. We characterized the extract by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry and assessed its hypolipidemic potential, its ability to scavenger free radicals, to attenuate the inflammatory response in microglial cells, to affect mitochondrial respiration and to enhance insulin sensitivity in mouse hepatocytes. The extract contained fatty acids, monoglycerides, amino acids, certain acids and sugars. The mealworm extract caused a 30% pancreatic lipase inhibition, 80% DPPH· scavenging activity and 55.9% reduction in the bioaccessibility of cholesterol (<i>p =</i> 0.009). The extract was effective in decreasing iNOS levels, increasing basal, maximal and ATP coupled respiration as well as enhancing insulin-mediated AKT phosphorylation at low insulin concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The potential of a non-protein bioactive mealworm extract against metabolic syndrome-related pathologies is shown, although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and relationship with compounds. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:45Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5491ee85500845459bdd3c5ed6097cc6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-4450 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:03:45Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Insects |
| spelling | doaj.art-5491ee85500845459bdd3c5ed6097cc62023-11-24T00:37:52ZengMDPI AGInsects2075-44502022-09-01131089610.3390/insects13100896Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative StressJoaquín Navarro del Hierro0Emma Cantero-Bahillo1M. Teresa Fernández-Felipe2Mónica R. García-Risco3Tiziana Fornari4Patricia Rada5Laura Doblado6Vitor Ferreira7Ana B. Hitos8Ángela M. Valverde9María Monsalve10Diana Martin11Departamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainInstituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas Alberto Sols (CSIC-UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainDepartamento de Producción y Caracterización de Nuevos Alimentos, Instituto de Investigación en Ciencias de la Alimentación (CIAL) (CSIC–UAM), 28049 Madrid, SpainThe mealworm <i>(Tenebrio molitor</i> Linnaeus 1758) is gaining importance as one of the most popular edible insects. Studies focusing on its bioactivities are increasing, although alternative forms of consumption other than the whole insect or flour, such as bioactive non-protein extracts, remain underexplored. Furthermore, the incidence of metabolic syndrome-related pathologies keeps increasing, hence the importance of seeking novel natural sources for reducing the impact of certain risk factors. The aim was to study the potential of a non-protein mealworm extract on metabolic syndrome-related pathologies, obtained with ethanol:water (1:1, <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>) by ultrasound-assisted extraction. We characterized the extract by gas-chromatography mass-spectrometry and assessed its hypolipidemic potential, its ability to scavenger free radicals, to attenuate the inflammatory response in microglial cells, to affect mitochondrial respiration and to enhance insulin sensitivity in mouse hepatocytes. The extract contained fatty acids, monoglycerides, amino acids, certain acids and sugars. The mealworm extract caused a 30% pancreatic lipase inhibition, 80% DPPH· scavenging activity and 55.9% reduction in the bioaccessibility of cholesterol (<i>p =</i> 0.009). The extract was effective in decreasing iNOS levels, increasing basal, maximal and ATP coupled respiration as well as enhancing insulin-mediated AKT phosphorylation at low insulin concentrations (<i>p</i> < 0.05). The potential of a non-protein bioactive mealworm extract against metabolic syndrome-related pathologies is shown, although further studies are needed to elucidate the mechanisms and relationship with compounds.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/896<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>bioactive extractDPPHpancreatic lipasecholesterolmitochondrial respiration |
| spellingShingle | Joaquín Navarro del Hierro Emma Cantero-Bahillo M. Teresa Fernández-Felipe Mónica R. García-Risco Tiziana Fornari Patricia Rada Laura Doblado Vitor Ferreira Ana B. Hitos Ángela M. Valverde María Monsalve Diana Martin Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress Insects <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> bioactive extract DPPH pancreatic lipase cholesterol mitochondrial respiration |
| title | Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress |
| title_full | Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress |
| title_fullStr | Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress |
| title_short | Effects of a Mealworm (<i>Tenebrio molitor</i>) Extract on Metabolic Syndrome-Related Pathologies: In Vitro Insulin Sensitivity, Inflammatory Response, Hypolipidemic Activity and Oxidative Stress |
| title_sort | effects of a mealworm i tenebrio molitor i extract on metabolic syndrome related pathologies in vitro insulin sensitivity inflammatory response hypolipidemic activity and oxidative stress |
| topic | <i>Tenebrio molitor</i> bioactive extract DPPH pancreatic lipase cholesterol mitochondrial respiration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-4450/13/10/896 |
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