Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma
Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Virology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.785678/full |
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| author | Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa |
| author_facet | Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa |
| author_sort | Koichi Kitao |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Endogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles in oncogenesis; however, studies on mammals other than humans and mice are limited. Here, we identified ERV-derived genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). We identified 11 ERV-derived genes in our OMM samples. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that four ERV-derived genes (PEG10, LOC102155597, and two newly identified genes) were upregulated in OMM compared to healthy tissues. PEG10 is a conserved long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposon-derived gene among mammals and is involved in human cancers. LOC102155597 is a retroviral env gene conserved in Carnivora. This Env protein harbors an immunosuppressive domain, implying the potential adverse effects on the immune system. While the production of viral particles from ERVs has been reported in human and mouse melanoma, we found no ERV-derived genes having the potential to produce viral particles. These results provide insights into the different and conserved features of ERV-derived genes in mammalian melanoma. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:33:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-818X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T05:33:18Z |
| publishDate | 2021-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Virology |
| spelling | doaj.art-5499fddd22434850a7866ce4dcdd2eca2022-12-21T19:51:40ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Virology2673-818X2021-11-01110.3389/fviro.2021.785678785678Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant MelanomaKoichi Kitao0Aoi Sumiyoshi1So Nakagawa2Yuki Matsumoto3Takuya Mizuno4Takayuki Miyazawa5Laboratory of Virus-Host Coevolution, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanLaboratory of Virus-Host Coevolution, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanDepartment of Molecular Life Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, JapanResearch and Development Section, Anicom Specialty Medical Institute Inc., Kanagawa, JapanLabratory of Molecular Diagnostics and Therapeutics, The United Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi, JapanLaboratory of Virus-Host Coevolution, Institute for Frontier Life and Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto, JapanEndogenous retroviruses (ERVs) are remnants of ancestral retroviruses that infected host germ cells in the past. Most ERVs are thought to be non-functional elements, but some ERVs retain open reading frames (ORFs) capable of expressing proteins. The proteins encoded by ERV-ORFs have potential roles in oncogenesis; however, studies on mammals other than humans and mice are limited. Here, we identified ERV-derived genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma (OMM). We identified 11 ERV-derived genes in our OMM samples. Differential expression gene analysis revealed that four ERV-derived genes (PEG10, LOC102155597, and two newly identified genes) were upregulated in OMM compared to healthy tissues. PEG10 is a conserved long terminal repeat (LTR)-type retrotransposon-derived gene among mammals and is involved in human cancers. LOC102155597 is a retroviral env gene conserved in Carnivora. This Env protein harbors an immunosuppressive domain, implying the potential adverse effects on the immune system. While the production of viral particles from ERVs has been reported in human and mouse melanoma, we found no ERV-derived genes having the potential to produce viral particles. These results provide insights into the different and conserved features of ERV-derived genes in mammalian melanoma.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.785678/fulldogendogenous retrovirusoral malignant melanomaprotein-coding geneRNA-Seq |
| spellingShingle | Koichi Kitao Aoi Sumiyoshi So Nakagawa Yuki Matsumoto Takuya Mizuno Takayuki Miyazawa Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma Frontiers in Virology dog endogenous retrovirus oral malignant melanoma protein-coding gene RNA-Seq |
| title | Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
| title_full | Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
| title_fullStr | Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
| title_full_unstemmed | Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
| title_short | Systematic Identification of Endogenous Retroviral Protein-Coding Genes Expressed in Canine Oral Malignant Melanoma |
| title_sort | systematic identification of endogenous retroviral protein coding genes expressed in canine oral malignant melanoma |
| topic | dog endogenous retrovirus oral malignant melanoma protein-coding gene RNA-Seq |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fviro.2021.785678/full |
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