Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+
The capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of a human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in the scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as stress...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5847 |
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| author | Vincenzo Ronca Ana C. Martinez-Levy Alessia Vozzi Andrea Giorgi Pietro Aricò Rossella Capotorto Gianluca Borghini Fabio Babiloni Gianluca Di Flumeri |
| author_facet | Vincenzo Ronca Ana C. Martinez-Levy Alessia Vozzi Andrea Giorgi Pietro Aricò Rossella Capotorto Gianluca Borghini Fabio Babiloni Gianluca Di Flumeri |
| author_sort | Vincenzo Ronca |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of a human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in the scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as stress and arousal. These aspects represent a relevant factor especially in real and operational environments. Neurophysiological autonomic parameters, such as Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Photoplethysmographic data (PPG), have been usually investigated through research-graded devices, therefore resulting in a high degree of invasiveness, which could negatively interfere with the monitored user’s activity. For such a reason, in the last decade, recent consumer-grade wearable devices, usually designed for fitness-tracking purposes, are receiving increasing attention from the scientific community, and are characterized by a higher comfort, ease of use and, therefore, by a higher compatibility with daily-life environments. The present preliminary study was aimed at assessing the reliability of a consumer wearable device, i.e., the Fitbit Sense, with respect to a research-graded wearable, i.e., the Empatica E4 wristband, and a laboratory device, i.e., the Shimmer GSR3+. EDA and PPG data were collected among 12 participants while they performed multiple resting conditions. The results demonstrated that the EDA- and PPG-derived features computed through the wearable and research devices were positively and significantly correlated, while the reliability of the consumer device was significantly lower. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:29:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54a5b4a323094cf98ec8bdbe199a0629 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T01:29:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-54a5b4a323094cf98ec8bdbe199a06292023-11-18T17:27:39ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-06-012313584710.3390/s23135847Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+Vincenzo Ronca0Ana C. Martinez-Levy1Alessia Vozzi2Andrea Giorgi3Pietro Aricò4Rossella Capotorto5Gianluca Borghini6Fabio Babiloni7Gianluca Di Flumeri8Department of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyDepartment of Computer, Control, and Management Engineering, Sapienza University of Rome, 00185 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyBrainSigns Srl, 00198 Rome, ItalyThe capability of measuring specific neurophysiological and autonomic parameters plays a crucial role in the objective evaluation of a human’s mental and emotional states. These human aspects are commonly known in the scientific literature to be involved in a wide range of processes, such as stress and arousal. These aspects represent a relevant factor especially in real and operational environments. Neurophysiological autonomic parameters, such as Electrodermal Activity (EDA) and Photoplethysmographic data (PPG), have been usually investigated through research-graded devices, therefore resulting in a high degree of invasiveness, which could negatively interfere with the monitored user’s activity. For such a reason, in the last decade, recent consumer-grade wearable devices, usually designed for fitness-tracking purposes, are receiving increasing attention from the scientific community, and are characterized by a higher comfort, ease of use and, therefore, by a higher compatibility with daily-life environments. The present preliminary study was aimed at assessing the reliability of a consumer wearable device, i.e., the Fitbit Sense, with respect to a research-graded wearable, i.e., the Empatica E4 wristband, and a laboratory device, i.e., the Shimmer GSR3+. EDA and PPG data were collected among 12 participants while they performed multiple resting conditions. The results demonstrated that the EDA- and PPG-derived features computed through the wearable and research devices were positively and significantly correlated, while the reliability of the consumer device was significantly lower.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5847electrodermal activityphotoplethysmographyconsumer wearables |
| spellingShingle | Vincenzo Ronca Ana C. Martinez-Levy Alessia Vozzi Andrea Giorgi Pietro Aricò Rossella Capotorto Gianluca Borghini Fabio Babiloni Gianluca Di Flumeri Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ Sensors electrodermal activity photoplethysmography consumer wearables |
| title | Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ |
| title_full | Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ |
| title_fullStr | Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ |
| title_full_unstemmed | Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ |
| title_short | Wearable Technologies for Electrodermal and Cardiac Activity Measurements: A Comparison between Fitbit Sense, Empatica E4 and Shimmer GSR3+ |
| title_sort | wearable technologies for electrodermal and cardiac activity measurements a comparison between fitbit sense empatica e4 and shimmer gsr3 |
| topic | electrodermal activity photoplethysmography consumer wearables |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/13/5847 |
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