Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)
Abstract Background Quinoa leaves demonstrate a diverse array of colors, offering a potential enhancement to landscape aesthetics and the development of leisure-oriented sightseeing agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study utilized integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigat...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-03-01
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| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04821-2 |
| _version_ | 1797247399514603520 |
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| author | Min Zhang Yueyou Li Junling Wang Shaopu Shang Hongxia Wang Xinlei Yang Chuan Lu Mei Wang Xinbo Sun Xiaoqing Liu Xiaoxia Wang Boxiang Wei Wei Lv Guojun Mu |
| author_facet | Min Zhang Yueyou Li Junling Wang Shaopu Shang Hongxia Wang Xinlei Yang Chuan Lu Mei Wang Xinbo Sun Xiaoqing Liu Xiaoxia Wang Boxiang Wei Wei Lv Guojun Mu |
| author_sort | Min Zhang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Quinoa leaves demonstrate a diverse array of colors, offering a potential enhancement to landscape aesthetics and the development of leisure-oriented sightseeing agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study utilized integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin synthesis in both emerald green and pink quinoa leaves. Results Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that both flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ko00942) were significantly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were analyzed between the two germplasms during different developmental periods. Ten DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with those of the transcriptomic sequencing. The elevated expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) and Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), as well as the reduced expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and Flavonol synthase (FLS), likely cause pink leaf formation. In addition, bHLH14, WRKY46, and TGA indirectly affected the activities of CHS and 4CL, collectively regulating the levels of cyanidin 3-O-(3’’, 6’’-O-dimalonyl) glucoside and naringenin. The diminished expression of PAL, 4CL, and HCT decreased the formation of cyanidin-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl-2”-O-glucuronyl) glucoside, leading to the emergence of emerald green leaves. Moreover, the lowered expression of TGA and WRKY46 indirectly regulated 4CL activity, serving as another important factor in maintaining the emerald green hue in leaves N1, N2, and N3. Conclusion These findings establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in quinoa leaves, and also provide some theoretical basis for the development of leisure and sightseeing agriculture. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:58:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54a5e4481b934364827cec17f156e7da |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T19:58:05Z |
| publishDate | 2024-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-54a5e4481b934364827cec17f156e7da2024-03-24T12:15:02ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292024-03-0124111610.1186/s12870-024-04821-2Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.)Min Zhang0Yueyou Li1Junling Wang2Shaopu Shang3Hongxia Wang4Xinlei Yang5Chuan Lu6Mei Wang7Xinbo Sun8Xiaoqing Liu9Xiaoxia Wang10Boxiang Wei11Wei Lv12Guojun Mu13North China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityThe S&T Innovation Service Center of Hebei ProvinceNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityThe S&T Innovation Service Center of Hebei ProvinceNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityThe S&T Innovation Service Center of Hebei ProvinceNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityThe S&T Innovation Service Center of Hebei ProvinceNorth China Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Education Ministry, The Key Laboratory of Germplasm Resources of Hebei Province, Hebei Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background Quinoa leaves demonstrate a diverse array of colors, offering a potential enhancement to landscape aesthetics and the development of leisure-oriented sightseeing agriculture in semi-arid regions. This study utilized integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses to investigate the mechanisms underlying anthocyanin synthesis in both emerald green and pink quinoa leaves. Results Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses indicated that both flavonoid biosynthesis pathway (ko00941) and anthocyanin biosynthesis pathway (ko00942) were significantly associated with anthocyanin biosynthesis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and differentially accumulated metabolites (DAMs) were analyzed between the two germplasms during different developmental periods. Ten DEGs were verified using qRT-PCR, and the results were consistent with those of the transcriptomic sequencing. The elevated expression of phenylalanine ammonia-lyase (PAL), chalcone synthase (CHS), 4-coumarate CoA ligase (4CL) and Hydroxycinnamoyltransferase (HCT), as well as the reduced expression of flavanone 3-hydroxylase (F3H) and Flavonol synthase (FLS), likely cause pink leaf formation. In addition, bHLH14, WRKY46, and TGA indirectly affected the activities of CHS and 4CL, collectively regulating the levels of cyanidin 3-O-(3’’, 6’’-O-dimalonyl) glucoside and naringenin. The diminished expression of PAL, 4CL, and HCT decreased the formation of cyanidin-3-O-(6”-O-malonyl-2”-O-glucuronyl) glucoside, leading to the emergence of emerald green leaves. Moreover, the lowered expression of TGA and WRKY46 indirectly regulated 4CL activity, serving as another important factor in maintaining the emerald green hue in leaves N1, N2, and N3. Conclusion These findings establish a foundation for elucidating the molecular regulatory mechanisms governing anthocyanin biosynthesis in quinoa leaves, and also provide some theoretical basis for the development of leisure and sightseeing agriculture.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04821-2DEGsDAMsTFsIntegrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analysesqRT-PCR |
| spellingShingle | Min Zhang Yueyou Li Junling Wang Shaopu Shang Hongxia Wang Xinlei Yang Chuan Lu Mei Wang Xinbo Sun Xiaoqing Liu Xiaoxia Wang Boxiang Wei Wei Lv Guojun Mu Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) BMC Plant Biology DEGs DAMs TFs Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses qRT-PCR |
| title | Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) |
| title_full | Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) |
| title_fullStr | Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) |
| title_short | Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) |
| title_sort | integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses reveals anthocyanin biosynthesis in leaf coloration of quinoa chenopodium quinoa willd |
| topic | DEGs DAMs TFs Integrated transcriptomic and metabolomic analyses qRT-PCR |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-024-04821-2 |
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