Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane
The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-05-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4021 |
| _version_ | 1827663970315534336 |
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| author | Nathan Itare Jean-Hugh Thomas Kosai Raoof Torea Blanchard |
| author_facet | Nathan Itare Jean-Hugh Thomas Kosai Raoof Torea Blanchard |
| author_sort | Nathan Itare |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many methods exist but can be very limited due to the size of UAVs or due to technological improvements over the years. However, the noise produced by the UAVs is still predominant, so it gives a good opening for the development of acoustic methods. The method presented here takes advantage of a microphone array with a processing based on time domain Delay and Sum Beamforming. In order to obtain a better signal to noise ratio, the UAV’s acoustic signature is taken into account in the processing by using a time-frequency representation of the beamformer’s output. Then, only the content related to this signature is considered to calculate the energy in one direction. This method enables to have a good robustness to noise and to localize an UAV with a poor spectral content or to separate two UAVs with different spectral contents. Simulation results and those of a real flight experiment are reported. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:43Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54b20b01e0874a5abc052a37154d6fa3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:53:43Z |
| publishDate | 2022-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-54b20b01e0874a5abc052a37154d6fa32023-11-23T14:47:25ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-05-012211402110.3390/s22114021Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency PlaneNathan Itare0Jean-Hugh Thomas1Kosai Raoof2Torea Blanchard3Laboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique-Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique-Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique-Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, FranceLaboratoire d’Acoustique de l’Université du Mans (LAUM), UMR 6613, Institut d’Acoustique-Graduate School (IA-GS), CNRS, Le Mans Université, 72085 Le Mans, FranceThe development of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) opens up a lot of opportunities but also brings some threats. Dealing with these threats is not easy and requires some good techniques. Knowing the location of the threat is essential to deal with an UAV that is displaying disturbing behavior. Many methods exist but can be very limited due to the size of UAVs or due to technological improvements over the years. However, the noise produced by the UAVs is still predominant, so it gives a good opening for the development of acoustic methods. The method presented here takes advantage of a microphone array with a processing based on time domain Delay and Sum Beamforming. In order to obtain a better signal to noise ratio, the UAV’s acoustic signature is taken into account in the processing by using a time-frequency representation of the beamformer’s output. Then, only the content related to this signature is considered to calculate the energy in one direction. This method enables to have a good robustness to noise and to localize an UAV with a poor spectral content or to separate two UAVs with different spectral contents. Simulation results and those of a real flight experiment are reported.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4021dronesacoustic source localizationbeamformingmicrophone arraytime-frequency representation |
| spellingShingle | Nathan Itare Jean-Hugh Thomas Kosai Raoof Torea Blanchard Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane Sensors drones acoustic source localization beamforming microphone array time-frequency representation |
| title | Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane |
| title_full | Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane |
| title_fullStr | Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane |
| title_full_unstemmed | Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane |
| title_short | Acoustic Estimation of the Direction of Arrival of an Unmanned Aerial Vehicle Based on Frequency Tracking in the Time-Frequency Plane |
| title_sort | acoustic estimation of the direction of arrival of an unmanned aerial vehicle based on frequency tracking in the time frequency plane |
| topic | drones acoustic source localization beamforming microphone array time-frequency representation |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/11/4021 |
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