Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development
Background: Toxoplasma gondii coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. We investigated how T. gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections counter-regulate each other's immune responses. Methods: The parasite burden, the expression of T. gon...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Tehran University of Medical Sciences
2023-06-01
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| Series: | Iranian Journal of Parasitology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/3751 |
| _version_ | 1797742515991871488 |
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| author | Enas Fakhry Abdel Hamed Nahed ElSayed Mostafa Eman Magdy Fawzy Mohamed Nabil Ibrahim Basma Hamed Ibrahim Mona Radwan Marwa Ahmed Salama |
| author_facet | Enas Fakhry Abdel Hamed Nahed ElSayed Mostafa Eman Magdy Fawzy Mohamed Nabil Ibrahim Basma Hamed Ibrahim Mona Radwan Marwa Ahmed Salama |
| author_sort | Enas Fakhry Abdel Hamed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description |
Background: Toxoplasma gondii coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. We investigated how T. gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections counter-regulate each other's immune responses.
Methods: The parasite burden, the expression of T. gondii rhoptry kinase ROP18 and T. spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP), the IgG1 and IgG2a responses, besides histopathological and immunohistochemical staining with iNOS and arginase were used to evaluate the dynamics of coinfection.
Results: Through their effects on host immune responsiveness, coinfection with T. gondii modified the virulence of T. spiralis infection. Coinfected animals with high and low doses of T. gondii demonstrated significant reductions in the T. spiralis burden of 75.2% and 68.2%, respectively. TsSP expression was downregulated in both groups by 96.2% and 86.7%, whereasROP18 expression was downregulated by only 6% and10.6%, respectively. In coinfected mice, elevated levels of T. gondii-specific IgG2a antibodies were detected. Th1 induced by T. gondii inhibits the Th2 response to T. spiralis in coinfected animals with high iNOS expression andlow-arginine1 expression.
Conclusion: T. gondii infection induces a shift toward a Th1-type immune response while suppressing a helminth-specific Th2 immune response, paving the way for developing novel vaccines and more efficient control strategies.
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| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:41:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54ba60d14ef241fba49d51281d143088 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1735-7020 2008-238X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T14:41:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | Tehran University of Medical Sciences |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Iranian Journal of Parasitology |
| spelling | doaj.art-54ba60d14ef241fba49d51281d1430882023-08-16T06:06:34ZengTehran University of Medical SciencesIranian Journal of Parasitology1735-70202008-238X2023-06-0118210.18502/ijpa.v18i2.13183Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine DevelopmentEnas Fakhry Abdel Hamed0Nahed ElSayed Mostafa1Eman Magdy Fawzy2Mohamed Nabil Ibrahim3Basma Hamed Ibrahim4Mona Radwan5Marwa Ahmed Salama6Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, EgyptDepartment of Clinical Laboratories, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jouf University, Qurrayat, KSADepartment of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, EgyptDepartment of Community and Occupational Medicine, Faculty of medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, EgyptDepartment of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Zagazig University, Sharkia, Egypt Background: Toxoplasma gondii coinfection can modify host immune responses and the severity and spread of other parasites. We investigated how T. gondii and Trichinella spiralis infections counter-regulate each other's immune responses. Methods: The parasite burden, the expression of T. gondii rhoptry kinase ROP18 and T. spiralis putative serine protease (TsSP), the IgG1 and IgG2a responses, besides histopathological and immunohistochemical staining with iNOS and arginase were used to evaluate the dynamics of coinfection. Results: Through their effects on host immune responsiveness, coinfection with T. gondii modified the virulence of T. spiralis infection. Coinfected animals with high and low doses of T. gondii demonstrated significant reductions in the T. spiralis burden of 75.2% and 68.2%, respectively. TsSP expression was downregulated in both groups by 96.2% and 86.7%, whereasROP18 expression was downregulated by only 6% and10.6%, respectively. In coinfected mice, elevated levels of T. gondii-specific IgG2a antibodies were detected. Th1 induced by T. gondii inhibits the Th2 response to T. spiralis in coinfected animals with high iNOS expression andlow-arginine1 expression. Conclusion: T. gondii infection induces a shift toward a Th1-type immune response while suppressing a helminth-specific Th2 immune response, paving the way for developing novel vaccines and more efficient control strategies. https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/3751CoinfectionToxoplasma gondiiTrichinella spiralisArginase1 |
| spellingShingle | Enas Fakhry Abdel Hamed Nahed ElSayed Mostafa Eman Magdy Fawzy Mohamed Nabil Ibrahim Basma Hamed Ibrahim Mona Radwan Marwa Ahmed Salama Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development Iranian Journal of Parasitology Coinfection Toxoplasma gondii Trichinella spiralis Arginase1 |
| title | Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development |
| title_full | Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development |
| title_fullStr | Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development |
| title_short | Toxoplasma gondii Suppresses Th2-Induced by Trichinella spiralis Infection and Downregulates Serine Protease Genes Expression: A Critical Role in Vaccine Development |
| title_sort | toxoplasma gondii suppresses th2 induced by trichinella spiralis infection and downregulates serine protease genes expression a critical role in vaccine development |
| topic | Coinfection Toxoplasma gondii Trichinella spiralis Arginase1 |
| url | https://ijpa.tums.ac.ir/index.php/ijpa/article/view/3751 |
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