Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant
To increase the applications of FDM (fusion deposition modeling) 3D printing in electronics, it is necessary to develop new filaments with good electrical properties and suitable processability. In this work, polymer composites filament-shaped with superior electrical performance based on polylactic...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-02-01
|
| Series: | Polymers |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/999 |
| _version_ | 1797618510001602560 |
|---|---|
| author | Silvia Lage-Rivera Ana Ares-Pernas Juan Carlos Becerra Permuy Anne Gosset María-José Abad |
| author_facet | Silvia Lage-Rivera Ana Ares-Pernas Juan Carlos Becerra Permuy Anne Gosset María-José Abad |
| author_sort | Silvia Lage-Rivera |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To increase the applications of FDM (fusion deposition modeling) 3D printing in electronics, it is necessary to develop new filaments with good electrical properties and suitable processability. In this work, polymer composites filament-shaped with superior electrical performance based on polylactic acid (PLA) carbon nanotubes and lignin blends have been studied by combining solution mixing and melt blending. The results showed that composites achieve electrical percolation from 5 wt.% of nanotubes, with high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the introduction of a plasticizing additive, lignin, improved the printability of the material while increasing its electrical conductivity (from (1.5 ± 0.9)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>10<sup>−7</sup> S<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>cm<sup>−1</sup> to (1.4 ± 0.9)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>10<sup>−1</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> with 5 wt.% carbon nanotubes and 1 wt.% lignin) maintaining the mechanical properties of composite without additive. To validate lignin performance, its effect on PLA/MWCNT was compare with polyethylene glycol. PEG is a well-known commercial additive, and its use as dispersant and plasticizer in PLA/MWCNT composites has been proven in bibliography. PLA/MWCNT composites display easier processability by 3D printing and more adhesion between the printed layers with lignin than with PEG. In addition, the polyethylene glycol produces a plasticizing effect in the PLA matrix reducing the composite stiffness. Finally, an interactive electronic prototype was 3D printed to assess the printability of the new conducting filaments with 5 wt.% of MWCNT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:42Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54be0a9b78744a21b30866947c39a975 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:13:42Z |
| publishDate | 2023-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Polymers |
| spelling | doaj.art-54be0a9b78744a21b30866947c39a9752023-11-16T22:52:48ZengMDPI AGPolymers2073-43602023-02-0115499910.3390/polym15040999Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-DispersantSilvia Lage-Rivera0Ana Ares-Pernas1Juan Carlos Becerra Permuy2Anne Gosset3María-José Abad4Universidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI-Grupo de Polímeros, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, A Coruña, SpainUniversidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI-Grupo de Polímeros, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, A Coruña, SpainUniversidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, SpainUniversidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, SpainUniversidade da Coruña, Campus Industrial de Ferrol, CITENI-Grupo de Polímeros, Campus de Esteiro, 15403 Ferrol, A Coruña, SpainTo increase the applications of FDM (fusion deposition modeling) 3D printing in electronics, it is necessary to develop new filaments with good electrical properties and suitable processability. In this work, polymer composites filament-shaped with superior electrical performance based on polylactic acid (PLA) carbon nanotubes and lignin blends have been studied by combining solution mixing and melt blending. The results showed that composites achieve electrical percolation from 5 wt.% of nanotubes, with high electrical conductivity. Moreover, the introduction of a plasticizing additive, lignin, improved the printability of the material while increasing its electrical conductivity (from (1.5 ± 0.9)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>10<sup>−7</sup> S<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>cm<sup>−1</sup> to (1.4 ± 0.9)<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mo>·</mo></semantics></math></inline-formula>10<sup>−1</sup> S cm<sup>−1</sup> with 5 wt.% carbon nanotubes and 1 wt.% lignin) maintaining the mechanical properties of composite without additive. To validate lignin performance, its effect on PLA/MWCNT was compare with polyethylene glycol. PEG is a well-known commercial additive, and its use as dispersant and plasticizer in PLA/MWCNT composites has been proven in bibliography. PLA/MWCNT composites display easier processability by 3D printing and more adhesion between the printed layers with lignin than with PEG. In addition, the polyethylene glycol produces a plasticizing effect in the PLA matrix reducing the composite stiffness. Finally, an interactive electronic prototype was 3D printed to assess the printability of the new conducting filaments with 5 wt.% of MWCNT.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/999FDM 3D printingelectrically conductive filamentsPLA/MWCNTpolymer compositeligninbiopolymers |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Lage-Rivera Ana Ares-Pernas Juan Carlos Becerra Permuy Anne Gosset María-José Abad Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant Polymers FDM 3D printing electrically conductive filaments PLA/MWCNT polymer composite lignin biopolymers |
| title | Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant |
| title_full | Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant |
| title_fullStr | Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant |
| title_full_unstemmed | Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant |
| title_short | Enhancement of 3D Printability by FDM and Electrical Conductivity of PLA/MWCNT Filaments Using Lignin as Bio-Dispersant |
| title_sort | enhancement of 3d printability by fdm and electrical conductivity of pla mwcnt filaments using lignin as bio dispersant |
| topic | FDM 3D printing electrically conductive filaments PLA/MWCNT polymer composite lignin biopolymers |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4360/15/4/999 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT silvialagerivera enhancementof3dprintabilitybyfdmandelectricalconductivityofplamwcntfilamentsusingligninasbiodispersant AT anaarespernas enhancementof3dprintabilitybyfdmandelectricalconductivityofplamwcntfilamentsusingligninasbiodispersant AT juancarlosbecerrapermuy enhancementof3dprintabilitybyfdmandelectricalconductivityofplamwcntfilamentsusingligninasbiodispersant AT annegosset enhancementof3dprintabilitybyfdmandelectricalconductivityofplamwcntfilamentsusingligninasbiodispersant AT mariajoseabad enhancementof3dprintabilitybyfdmandelectricalconductivityofplamwcntfilamentsusingligninasbiodispersant |