Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment
Studying mango (<i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i> L.) fruit development represents one of the most important aspects for the precise orchard management under non-native environmental conditions. In this work, precision fruit gauges were used to investigate important eco-physiolo...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | Plants |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1332 |
| _version_ | 1797411287098982400 |
|---|---|
| author | Alessandro Carella Giuseppe Gianguzzi Alessio Scalisi Vittorio Farina Paolo Inglese Riccardo Lo Bianco |
| author_facet | Alessandro Carella Giuseppe Gianguzzi Alessio Scalisi Vittorio Farina Paolo Inglese Riccardo Lo Bianco |
| author_sort | Alessandro Carella |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Studying mango (<i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i> L.) fruit development represents one of the most important aspects for the precise orchard management under non-native environmental conditions. In this work, precision fruit gauges were used to investigate important eco-physiological aspects of fruit growth in two mango cultivars, Keitt (late ripening) and Tommy Atkins (early-mid ripening). Fruit absolute growth rate (AGR, mm day<sup>−1</sup>), daily diameter fluctuation (ΔD, mm), and a development index given by their ratio (AGR/ΔD) were monitored to identify the prevalent mechanism (cell division, cell expansion, ripening) involved in fruit development in three (‘Tommy Atkins’) or four (‘Keitt’) different periods during growth. In ‘Keitt’, cell division prevailed over cell expansion from 58 to 64 days after full bloom (DAFB), while the opposite occurred from 74 to 85 DAFB. Starting at 100 DAFB, internal changes prevailed over fruit growth, indicating the beginning of the ripening stage. In Tommy Atkins (an early ripening cultivar), no significant differences in AGR/ΔD was found among monitoring periods, indicating that both cell division and expansion coexisted at gradually decreasing rates until fruit harvest. To evaluate the effect of microclimate on fruit growth the relationship between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and ΔD was also studied. In ‘Keitt’, VPD was the main driving force determining fruit diameter fluctuations. In ‘Tommy Atkins’, the lack of relationship between VPD and ΔD suggest a hydric isolation of the fruit due to the disruption of xylem and stomatal flows starting at 65 DAFB. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54c1f305b6dd453ba835aaec3bf98784 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2223-7747 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T04:43:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Plants |
| spelling | doaj.art-54c1f305b6dd453ba835aaec3bf987842023-12-03T13:17:54ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472021-06-01107133210.3390/plants10071332Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean EnvironmentAlessandro Carella0Giuseppe Gianguzzi1Alessio Scalisi2Vittorio Farina3Paolo Inglese4Riccardo Lo Bianco5Department of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural, Food and Forest Sciences (SAAF), University of Palermo, 90133 Palermo, ItalyStudying mango (<i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i> L.) fruit development represents one of the most important aspects for the precise orchard management under non-native environmental conditions. In this work, precision fruit gauges were used to investigate important eco-physiological aspects of fruit growth in two mango cultivars, Keitt (late ripening) and Tommy Atkins (early-mid ripening). Fruit absolute growth rate (AGR, mm day<sup>−1</sup>), daily diameter fluctuation (ΔD, mm), and a development index given by their ratio (AGR/ΔD) were monitored to identify the prevalent mechanism (cell division, cell expansion, ripening) involved in fruit development in three (‘Tommy Atkins’) or four (‘Keitt’) different periods during growth. In ‘Keitt’, cell division prevailed over cell expansion from 58 to 64 days after full bloom (DAFB), while the opposite occurred from 74 to 85 DAFB. Starting at 100 DAFB, internal changes prevailed over fruit growth, indicating the beginning of the ripening stage. In Tommy Atkins (an early ripening cultivar), no significant differences in AGR/ΔD was found among monitoring periods, indicating that both cell division and expansion coexisted at gradually decreasing rates until fruit harvest. To evaluate the effect of microclimate on fruit growth the relationship between vapor pressure deficit (VPD) and ΔD was also studied. In ‘Keitt’, VPD was the main driving force determining fruit diameter fluctuations. In ‘Tommy Atkins’, the lack of relationship between VPD and ΔD suggest a hydric isolation of the fruit due to the disruption of xylem and stomatal flows starting at 65 DAFB. Further studies are needed to confirm this hypothesis.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1332fruit developmentfruit gaugeVPD<i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i>cell divisioncell expansion |
| spellingShingle | Alessandro Carella Giuseppe Gianguzzi Alessio Scalisi Vittorio Farina Paolo Inglese Riccardo Lo Bianco Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment Plants fruit development fruit gauge VPD <i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i> cell division cell expansion |
| title | Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_full | Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_fullStr | Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_short | Fruit Growth Stage Transitions in Two Mango Cultivars Grown in a Mediterranean Environment |
| title_sort | fruit growth stage transitions in two mango cultivars grown in a mediterranean environment |
| topic | fruit development fruit gauge VPD <i>Mangifera</i> <i>indica</i> cell division cell expansion |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/10/7/1332 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alessandrocarella fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment AT giuseppegianguzzi fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment AT alessioscalisi fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment AT vittoriofarina fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment AT paoloinglese fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment AT riccardolobianco fruitgrowthstagetransitionsintwomangocultivarsgrowninamediterraneanenvironment |