A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature
Portland cement is the most common type of cement and one of the most important ingredients in concrete. Concrete, on the other hand, is the most used building material worldwide just behind the water with an increasing usage trend in infrastructure for the upcoming years. During the production proc...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Minerals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/3/324 |
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| author | Maria D. Kamitsou Dimitra G. Kanellopoulou Angeliki Christogerou George N. Angelopoulos |
| author_facet | Maria D. Kamitsou Dimitra G. Kanellopoulou Angeliki Christogerou George N. Angelopoulos |
| author_sort | Maria D. Kamitsou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Portland cement is the most common type of cement and one of the most important ingredients in concrete. Concrete, on the other hand, is the most used building material worldwide just behind the water with an increasing usage trend in infrastructure for the upcoming years. During the production process of cement, massive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are released into the environment, while large amounts of raw materials and energy are consumed. In the present study, Portland type cement was prepared in laboratory-scale by Greek Wet Fly Ash and Mill Scales, as well as conventional raw materials such as limestone, shale and lava. The experiments were conducted at 1450 °C and 1340 °C. The fired compositions were characterized by XRD, Q–XRD, optical microscopy, SEM/EDS and the concrete specimens were tested for their compressive strength. The results indicated that formation of cement clinker at lower temperatures (1340 °C) is feasible with the combined use of natural raw materials and industrial byproducts following the standard production route of cement industries. Finally, the so-obtained cement presented compressive strength values comparable to the conventional ones fired at 1450 °C. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:13:51Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54c73095ac464ba5af81a57b272a9df2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2075-163X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:13:51Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Minerals |
| spelling | doaj.art-54c73095ac464ba5af81a57b272a9df22023-11-30T21:38:32ZengMDPI AGMinerals2075-163X2022-03-0112332410.3390/min12030324A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering TemperatureMaria D. Kamitsou0Dimitra G. Kanellopoulou1Angeliki Christogerou2George N. Angelopoulos3Department of Chemical Engineering, Caratheodory 1, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Caratheodory 1, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Caratheodory 1, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreeceDepartment of Chemical Engineering, Caratheodory 1, University of Patras, 26504 Rio, GreecePortland cement is the most common type of cement and one of the most important ingredients in concrete. Concrete, on the other hand, is the most used building material worldwide just behind the water with an increasing usage trend in infrastructure for the upcoming years. During the production process of cement, massive CO<sub>2</sub> emissions are released into the environment, while large amounts of raw materials and energy are consumed. In the present study, Portland type cement was prepared in laboratory-scale by Greek Wet Fly Ash and Mill Scales, as well as conventional raw materials such as limestone, shale and lava. The experiments were conducted at 1450 °C and 1340 °C. The fired compositions were characterized by XRD, Q–XRD, optical microscopy, SEM/EDS and the concrete specimens were tested for their compressive strength. The results indicated that formation of cement clinker at lower temperatures (1340 °C) is feasible with the combined use of natural raw materials and industrial byproducts following the standard production route of cement industries. Finally, the so-obtained cement presented compressive strength values comparable to the conventional ones fired at 1450 °C.https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/3/324cementGreek Wet Fly Ashiron lamination scalesbyproductsclinkering temperatureproperties |
| spellingShingle | Maria D. Kamitsou Dimitra G. Kanellopoulou Angeliki Christogerou George N. Angelopoulos A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature Minerals cement Greek Wet Fly Ash iron lamination scales byproducts clinkering temperature properties |
| title | A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature |
| title_full | A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature |
| title_fullStr | A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature |
| title_short | A Contribution towards a More Sustainable Cement: Synergy of Mill Scales, Greek Wet Fly Ash, Conventional Raw Materials and Clinkering Temperature |
| title_sort | contribution towards a more sustainable cement synergy of mill scales greek wet fly ash conventional raw materials and clinkering temperature |
| topic | cement Greek Wet Fly Ash iron lamination scales byproducts clinkering temperature properties |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2075-163X/12/3/324 |
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