RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth
The contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gend...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Psychology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003467/full |
| _version_ | 1797217436616884224 |
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| author | Xuehua Wu Arshad Ali Taiming Zhang Jian Chen Wenxiu Hu Wenxiu Hu |
| author_facet | Xuehua Wu Arshad Ali Taiming Zhang Jian Chen Wenxiu Hu Wenxiu Hu |
| author_sort | Xuehua Wu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gender inequality and disenfranchisement of girls with abnormally high sex ratios at birth reflect deep-rooted sexism and adversely affect girls’ development. For China to achieve economic growth, women should not be ignored and marginalized so that they can contribute to the country’s growth, but the sex ratio at birth needs to be lowered because only women can contribute to growth. Thus, this study empirically predicts an asymmetric relationship between gender inequality, sex ratio at birth and economic growth, using NARDL model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL results show that increases in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly reduce economic growth in both the short and long term, while reductions in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly boost economic growth in both the short and long term. Moreover, the results show the significant contribution of female labor force participation and female education (secondary and higher education) to economic growth. However, infant mortality rate significantly reduced economic growth. Strategically, the study recommends equal opportunities for women in employment, education, health, economics, and politics to reduce gender disparities and thereby promote sustainable economic growth in China. Moreover, policymakers should introduce new population policy to stabilize the sex ratio at birth, thereby promoting China’s long-term economic growth. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:24:30Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54ca40550acf4aac8251db94bbd4be0d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-1078 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T12:01:50Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Psychology |
| spelling | doaj.art-54ca40550acf4aac8251db94bbd4be0d2024-04-08T15:32:51ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Psychology1664-10782022-10-011310.3389/fpsyg.2022.10034671003467RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growthXuehua Wu0Arshad Ali1Taiming Zhang2Jian Chen3Wenxiu Hu4Wenxiu Hu5Shenzhen Strong Sports & Health Management Center, Shenzhen, ChinaDepartment of Economics and Finance, Greenwich University, Karachi, PakistanBusiness School, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, United KingdomFaculty of Social & Historical Sciences, University College London, London, United KingdomCenter of Population and Development Policy Studies, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaPostdoctoral Research Workstation, China Everbright Group, Beijing,ChinaThe contribution of women to China’s economic growth and development cannot be overemphasized. Women play important social, economic, and productive roles in any economy. China remains one of the countries in the world with severe gender inequality and sex ratio at birth (SRB) imbalance. Severe gender inequality and disenfranchisement of girls with abnormally high sex ratios at birth reflect deep-rooted sexism and adversely affect girls’ development. For China to achieve economic growth, women should not be ignored and marginalized so that they can contribute to the country’s growth, but the sex ratio at birth needs to be lowered because only women can contribute to growth. Thus, this study empirically predicts an asymmetric relationship between gender inequality, sex ratio at birth and economic growth, using NARDL model over the period 1980–2020. The NARDL results show that increases in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly reduce economic growth in both the short and long term, while reductions in gender inequality and sex ratio at birth significantly boost economic growth in both the short and long term. Moreover, the results show the significant contribution of female labor force participation and female education (secondary and higher education) to economic growth. However, infant mortality rate significantly reduced economic growth. Strategically, the study recommends equal opportunities for women in employment, education, health, economics, and politics to reduce gender disparities and thereby promote sustainable economic growth in China. Moreover, policymakers should introduce new population policy to stabilize the sex ratio at birth, thereby promoting China’s long-term economic growth.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003467/fullgender inequalitysex ratio at birthfemale labor participationeconomic growthChina |
| spellingShingle | Xuehua Wu Arshad Ali Taiming Zhang Jian Chen Wenxiu Hu Wenxiu Hu RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth Frontiers in Psychology gender inequality sex ratio at birth female labor participation economic growth China |
| title | RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth |
| title_full | RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth |
| title_fullStr | RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth |
| title_full_unstemmed | RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth |
| title_short | RETRACTED: An empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on China’s economic growth |
| title_sort | retracted an empirical analysis of the impact of gender inequality and sex ratios at birth on china s economic growth |
| topic | gender inequality sex ratio at birth female labor participation economic growth China |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.1003467/full |
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