Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming
The present study aimed to explore the variability of the arm-stroke temporal descriptors between and within laps during middle-distance swimming event using IMMUs. Eight male swimmers performed a 200-m maximum front-crawl in which the inter-lap and intra-lap variability of velocity, stroke rate, st...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/324 |
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| author | Matteo Cortesi Rocco Di Michele Silvia Fantozzi Sandro Bartolomei Giorgio Gatta |
| author_facet | Matteo Cortesi Rocco Di Michele Silvia Fantozzi Sandro Bartolomei Giorgio Gatta |
| author_sort | Matteo Cortesi |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present study aimed to explore the variability of the arm-stroke temporal descriptors between and within laps during middle-distance swimming event using IMMUs. Eight male swimmers performed a 200-m maximum front-crawl in which the inter-lap and intra-lap variability of velocity, stroke rate, stroke-phases duration and arm-coordination index were measured through five units of IMMU. An algorithm computes the 3D coordinates of the wrist by means the IMMU orientation and the kinematic chain of upper arm biomechanical model, and it recognizes the start events of the four arm-stroke phases. Velocity and stroke rate had a mean value of 1.47 ± 0.10 m·s<sup>−1</sup> and 32.94 ± 4.84 cycles·min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and a significant decrease along the 200-m (<i>p</i> < 0.001; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.80 and 0.47). The end of each lap showed significantly lower stroke rate compared to the start and the middle segment (<i>p</i> < 0.05; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.55). No other significant inter-lap and intra-lap differences were detected. The two main findings are: (i) IMMUs technology can be an effective solution to continuously monitor the temporal descriptors during the swimming trial; (ii) swimmers are able to keep stable their temporal technique descriptors in a middle-distance event, despite the decrease of velocity and stroke rate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:27:00Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54ceccc48b2749a9a7b9e4c5ad5ca699 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T13:27:00Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-54ceccc48b2749a9a7b9e4c5ad5ca6992023-11-21T08:43:18ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-01-0121232410.3390/s21020324Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl SwimmingMatteo Cortesi0Rocco Di Michele1Silvia Fantozzi2Sandro Bartolomei3Giorgio Gatta4Department for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Information Engineering, University of Bologna, 40136 Bologna, ItalyDepartment of Biomedical and Neuromotor Sciences, University of Bologna, 40127 Bologna, ItalyDepartment for Life Quality Studies, University of Bologna, 47921 Rimini, ItalyThe present study aimed to explore the variability of the arm-stroke temporal descriptors between and within laps during middle-distance swimming event using IMMUs. Eight male swimmers performed a 200-m maximum front-crawl in which the inter-lap and intra-lap variability of velocity, stroke rate, stroke-phases duration and arm-coordination index were measured through five units of IMMU. An algorithm computes the 3D coordinates of the wrist by means the IMMU orientation and the kinematic chain of upper arm biomechanical model, and it recognizes the start events of the four arm-stroke phases. Velocity and stroke rate had a mean value of 1.47 ± 0.10 m·s<sup>−1</sup> and 32.94 ± 4.84 cycles·min<sup>−1</sup>, respectively, and a significant decrease along the 200-m (<i>p</i> < 0.001; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.80 and 0.47). The end of each lap showed significantly lower stroke rate compared to the start and the middle segment (<i>p</i> < 0.05; η<sup>2</sup> = 0.55). No other significant inter-lap and intra-lap differences were detected. The two main findings are: (i) IMMUs technology can be an effective solution to continuously monitor the temporal descriptors during the swimming trial; (ii) swimmers are able to keep stable their temporal technique descriptors in a middle-distance event, despite the decrease of velocity and stroke rate.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/324performanceswimming techniquestroking parametersmotor adaptationinertial sensor |
| spellingShingle | Matteo Cortesi Rocco Di Michele Silvia Fantozzi Sandro Bartolomei Giorgio Gatta Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming Sensors performance swimming technique stroking parameters motor adaptation inertial sensor |
| title | Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming |
| title_full | Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming |
| title_fullStr | Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming |
| title_full_unstemmed | Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming |
| title_short | Arm-Stroke Descriptor Variability during 200-m Front Crawl Swimming |
| title_sort | arm stroke descriptor variability during 200 m front crawl swimming |
| topic | performance swimming technique stroking parameters motor adaptation inertial sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/2/324 |
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