Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans
Castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) seeds produce abundant ricinoleic acid during seed maturation, which is important for plant development and human demands. Ricinoleic acid, as a unique hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), possesses a distinct bond structure that could be used as a substitute for...
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MDPI AG
2023-12-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/92 |
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| author | Anmin Yu Zekun Zhou Yizhong Chen Jing Sun Ping Li Xu Gu Aizhong Liu |
| author_facet | Anmin Yu Zekun Zhou Yizhong Chen Jing Sun Ping Li Xu Gu Aizhong Liu |
| author_sort | Anmin Yu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Castor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) seeds produce abundant ricinoleic acid during seed maturation, which is important for plant development and human demands. Ricinoleic acid, as a unique hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), possesses a distinct bond structure that could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Here, we identified all homologous genes related to glycolysis, hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in castor seeds. Furthermore, we investigated their expression patterns globally during five seed development stages. We characterized a total of 66 genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, with the majority exhibiting higher expression levels during the early stage of castor bean seed development. This metabolic process provided abundant acetyl-CoA for fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. Subsequently, we identified 82 genes involved in the processes of de novo FA biosynthesis and TAG assembly, with the majority exhibiting high expression levels during the middle or late stages. In addition, we examined the expression patterns of the transcription factors involved in carbohydrate and oil metabolism. For instance, <i>RcMYB73</i> and <i>RcERF72</i> exhibited high expression levels during the early stage, whereas <i>RcWRI1</i>, <i>RcABI3</i>, and <i>RcbZIP67</i> showed relatively higher expression levels during the middle and late stages, indicating their crucial roles in seed development and oil accumulation. Our study suggests that the high HFA production in castor seeds is attributed to the interaction of multiple genes from sugar transportation to lipid droplet packaging. Therefore, this research comprehensively characterizes all the genes related to glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the castor and provides novel insight into exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation in the endosperm of castor beans. |
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| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-08T15:06:18Z |
| publishDate | 2023-12-01 |
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| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-54d110cd61e243099462996a8997f8762024-01-10T14:58:08ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672023-12-012519210.3390/ijms25010092Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor BeansAnmin Yu0Zekun Zhou1Yizhong Chen2Jing Sun3Ping Li4Xu Gu5Aizhong Liu6Key Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaKey Laboratory for Forest Resources Conservation and Utilization in the Southwest Mountains of China, Ministry of Education, Southwest Forestry University, Kunming 650224, ChinaCastor (<i>Ricinus communis</i> L.) seeds produce abundant ricinoleic acid during seed maturation, which is important for plant development and human demands. Ricinoleic acid, as a unique hydroxy fatty acid (HFA), possesses a distinct bond structure that could be used as a substitute for fossil fuels. Here, we identified all homologous genes related to glycolysis, hydroxy fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in castor seeds. Furthermore, we investigated their expression patterns globally during five seed development stages. We characterized a total of 66 genes involved in the glycolysis pathway, with the majority exhibiting higher expression levels during the early stage of castor bean seed development. This metabolic process provided abundant acetyl-CoA for fatty acid (FA) biosynthesis. Subsequently, we identified 82 genes involved in the processes of de novo FA biosynthesis and TAG assembly, with the majority exhibiting high expression levels during the middle or late stages. In addition, we examined the expression patterns of the transcription factors involved in carbohydrate and oil metabolism. For instance, <i>RcMYB73</i> and <i>RcERF72</i> exhibited high expression levels during the early stage, whereas <i>RcWRI1</i>, <i>RcABI3</i>, and <i>RcbZIP67</i> showed relatively higher expression levels during the middle and late stages, indicating their crucial roles in seed development and oil accumulation. Our study suggests that the high HFA production in castor seeds is attributed to the interaction of multiple genes from sugar transportation to lipid droplet packaging. Therefore, this research comprehensively characterizes all the genes related to glycolysis, fatty acid biosynthesis, and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation in the castor and provides novel insight into exploring the genetic mechanisms underlying seed oil accumulation in the endosperm of castor beans.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/92castorricinoleic acidseedgene expressions |
| spellingShingle | Anmin Yu Zekun Zhou Yizhong Chen Jing Sun Ping Li Xu Gu Aizhong Liu Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans International Journal of Molecular Sciences castor ricinoleic acid seed gene expressions |
| title | Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans |
| title_full | Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans |
| title_fullStr | Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans |
| title_full_unstemmed | Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans |
| title_short | Functional Genome Analyses Reveal the Molecular Basis of Oil Accumulation in Developing Seeds of Castor Beans |
| title_sort | functional genome analyses reveal the molecular basis of oil accumulation in developing seeds of castor beans |
| topic | castor ricinoleic acid seed gene expressions |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/25/1/92 |
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