CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins
Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response by orders of magnitude, inducing a lethal cyto...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2013-09-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1531 |
| _version_ | 1811307744889667584 |
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| author | Ziv Rotfogel Iris Nasie Dalia Hillman Revital Levy Gila Arad Raymond Kaempfer |
| author_facet | Ziv Rotfogel Iris Nasie Dalia Hillman Revital Levy Gila Arad Raymond Kaempfer |
| author_sort | Ziv Rotfogel |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Every adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response by orders of magnitude, inducing a lethal cytokine storm. We show that to elicit an inflammatory cytokine storm and lethality, superantigens must bind directly to CD28. Blocking access of the superantigen to its CD28 receptor with peptides mimicking the contact domains in either toxin or CD28 suffices to protect mice effectively from lethal shock. Our finding that CD28 is a direct receptor of superantigen toxins broadens the scope of microbial pathogen recognition mechanisms. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:09:52Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54d5b2359ca14b6fad505df992d8f20a |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T09:09:52Z |
| publishDate | 2013-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-54d5b2359ca14b6fad505df992d8f20a2022-12-22T02:52:54ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512013-09-01591531154210.3390/toxins5091531CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen ToxinsZiv RotfogelIris NasieDalia HillmanRevital LevyGila AradRaymond KaempferEvery adaptive immune response requires costimulation through the B7/CD28 axis, with CD28 on T-cells functioning as principal costimulatory receptor. Staphylococcal and streptococcal superantigen toxins hyperstimulate the T-cell-mediated immune response by orders of magnitude, inducing a lethal cytokine storm. We show that to elicit an inflammatory cytokine storm and lethality, superantigens must bind directly to CD28. Blocking access of the superantigen to its CD28 receptor with peptides mimicking the contact domains in either toxin or CD28 suffices to protect mice effectively from lethal shock. Our finding that CD28 is a direct receptor of superantigen toxins broadens the scope of microbial pathogen recognition mechanisms.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1531superantigen toxinsinflammatory cytokine stormlethal toxic shockbiodefenseCD28 receptorCD28 dimer interface |
| spellingShingle | Ziv Rotfogel Iris Nasie Dalia Hillman Revital Levy Gila Arad Raymond Kaempfer CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins Toxins superantigen toxins inflammatory cytokine storm lethal toxic shock biodefense CD28 receptor CD28 dimer interface |
| title | CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins |
| title_full | CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins |
| title_fullStr | CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins |
| title_full_unstemmed | CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins |
| title_short | CD28: Direct and Critical Receptor for Superantigen Toxins |
| title_sort | cd28 direct and critical receptor for superantigen toxins |
| topic | superantigen toxins inflammatory cytokine storm lethal toxic shock biodefense CD28 receptor CD28 dimer interface |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/5/9/1531 |
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