Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019
Abstract Background Gender inequality may be associated with the burden of orofacial clefts (OFCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To investigate the OFCs’ burden and its association with gender inequality in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Methods Country-specific...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Pediatrics |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04569-6 |
| _version_ | 1797276257716535296 |
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| author | Sara Sadat Nabavizadeh Jennifer J. Mootz Nasser Nadjmi Benjamin B. Massenburg Kaveh Khoshnood Ehsan Shojaeefard Hossein Molavi Vardanjani |
| author_facet | Sara Sadat Nabavizadeh Jennifer J. Mootz Nasser Nadjmi Benjamin B. Massenburg Kaveh Khoshnood Ehsan Shojaeefard Hossein Molavi Vardanjani |
| author_sort | Sara Sadat Nabavizadeh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Gender inequality may be associated with the burden of orofacial clefts (OFCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To investigate the OFCs’ burden and its association with gender inequality in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Methods Country-specific data on the OFCs’ prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease database by age and gender. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPCs) was used to investigate the OFCs’ trends. The association of the Gender Inequality Index (GII) with prevalence and DALY rates was determined using multiple linear regression. Human Development Index (HDI), Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were also considered as potential confounders. Results In 2019, the overall regional OFCs’ prevalence and DALYs (per 100,000 person-years) were 93.84 and 9.68, respectively. During the 1990–2019 period, there was a decrease in prevalence (EAPC = -0.05%), demonstrating a consistent trend across genders. Moreover, within the same timeframe, DALYs also declined (EAPC = -2.10%), with a more pronounced reduction observed among females. Gender differences were observed in age-specific prevalence rates (p-value = 0.015). GII was associated with DALYs (βmale= -0.42, p-value = 0.1; βfemale = 0.48, p-value = 0.036) and prevalence (βmale= -1.86, p-value < 0.001, βfemale= -2.07, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions Despite a declining prevalence, the burden of OFCs remained notably significant in the EMR. Gender inequality is associated with the burden of OFCs in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Countries in the region should establish comprehensive public policies to mitigate gender inequalities in healthcare services available for OFCs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:25:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54dd14e64b25409d98ee1f9cfb01821c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2431 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T15:25:39Z |
| publishDate | 2024-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-54dd14e64b25409d98ee1f9cfb01821c2024-03-05T16:43:33ZengBMCBMC Pediatrics1471-24312024-01-0124111110.1186/s12887-024-04569-6Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019Sara Sadat Nabavizadeh0Jennifer J. Mootz1Nasser Nadjmi2Benjamin B. Massenburg3Kaveh Khoshnood4Ehsan Shojaeefard5Hossein Molavi Vardanjani6MD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesDepartment of Psychiatry, Columbia UniversityDepartment of Cranio-Maxillofacial Surgery, Antwerp University HospitalDepartment of Surgery, Division of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery, University of WashingtonSchool of Public Health, Yale UniversityMD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesMD-MPH Department, School of Medicine, Shiraz University of Medical SciencesAbstract Background Gender inequality may be associated with the burden of orofacial clefts (OFCs), particularly in low-and middle-income countries (LMICs). To investigate the OFCs’ burden and its association with gender inequality in the Eastern Mediterranean region (EMR). Methods Country-specific data on the OFCs’ prevalence and Disability-Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) from 1990 to 2019 were gathered from the Global Burden of Disease database by age and gender. Estimated annual percentage change (EAPCs) was used to investigate the OFCs’ trends. The association of the Gender Inequality Index (GII) with prevalence and DALY rates was determined using multiple linear regression. Human Development Index (HDI), Socio-Demographic Index (SDI), and Gross Domestic Product (GDP) were also considered as potential confounders. Results In 2019, the overall regional OFCs’ prevalence and DALYs (per 100,000 person-years) were 93.84 and 9.68, respectively. During the 1990–2019 period, there was a decrease in prevalence (EAPC = -0.05%), demonstrating a consistent trend across genders. Moreover, within the same timeframe, DALYs also declined (EAPC = -2.10%), with a more pronounced reduction observed among females. Gender differences were observed in age-specific prevalence rates (p-value = 0.015). GII was associated with DALYs (βmale= -0.42, p-value = 0.1; βfemale = 0.48, p-value = 0.036) and prevalence (βmale= -1.86, p-value < 0.001, βfemale= -2.07, p-value < 0.001). Conclusions Despite a declining prevalence, the burden of OFCs remained notably significant in the EMR. Gender inequality is associated with the burden of OFCs in the Eastern Mediterranean region. Countries in the region should establish comprehensive public policies to mitigate gender inequalities in healthcare services available for OFCs.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04569-6PrevalenceGender inequalityOrofacial cleftsPediatricsDisability-adjusted life years |
| spellingShingle | Sara Sadat Nabavizadeh Jennifer J. Mootz Nasser Nadjmi Benjamin B. Massenburg Kaveh Khoshnood Ehsan Shojaeefard Hossein Molavi Vardanjani Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 BMC Pediatrics Prevalence Gender inequality Orofacial clefts Pediatrics Disability-adjusted life years |
| title | Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 |
| title_full | Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 |
| title_fullStr | Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 |
| title_full_unstemmed | Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 |
| title_short | Gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the Eastern Mediterranean region: findings from global burden of disease study 1990–2019 |
| title_sort | gender inequality and burden of orofacial clefts in the eastern mediterranean region findings from global burden of disease study 1990 2019 |
| topic | Prevalence Gender inequality Orofacial clefts Pediatrics Disability-adjusted life years |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-024-04569-6 |
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