Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol
Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2014-12-01
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| Series: | Marine Drugs |
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| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/12/5944 |
| _version_ | 1818013315053387776 |
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| author | David Menoyo Carmen Sanz-Bayón Anna Hesby Nessa Tuba Esatbeyoglu Mohammad Faizan Kathrin Pallauf Nuria De Diego Anika Eva Wagner Ignacio Ipharraguerre Ingunn Stubhaug Gerald Rimbach |
| author_facet | David Menoyo Carmen Sanz-Bayón Anna Hesby Nessa Tuba Esatbeyoglu Mohammad Faizan Kathrin Pallauf Nuria De Diego Anika Eva Wagner Ignacio Ipharraguerre Ingunn Stubhaug Gerald Rimbach |
| author_sort | David Menoyo |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Gamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a diet supplemented with 170 ppm gT for 16 weeks whereby alpha tocopherol levels were adjusted to 190 ppm in this and the control diet. Feeding gT-rich diets resulted in a three-fold increase in gT concentrations in the liver and fillet compared to non-gT-supplemented controls. Tissue alpha tocopherol levels were not decreased indicating no antagonistic interaction between gamma- and alpha tocopherol in salmon. The concentration of total omega 3 fatty acids slightly increased in response to dietary gT. Furthermore, dietary gT significantly decreased malondialdehyde in the fillet, determined as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In the liver of gT fed salmon we observed an overall down-regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Additionally, gT improved the antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Gpx4a gene expression in the pyloric caeca. We suggest that Atlantic salmon may provide a marine functional source capable of enriching gT for human consumption. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:31:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54df3f22f69143509fb7409e32244e52 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1660-3397 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-14T06:31:36Z |
| publishDate | 2014-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Marine Drugs |
| spelling | doaj.art-54df3f22f69143509fb7409e32244e522022-12-22T02:07:36ZengMDPI AGMarine Drugs1660-33972014-12-0112125944595910.3390/md12125944md12125944Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-TocopherolDavid Menoyo0Carmen Sanz-Bayón1Anna Hesby Nessa2Tuba Esatbeyoglu3Mohammad Faizan4Kathrin Pallauf5Nuria De Diego6Anika Eva Wagner7Ignacio Ipharraguerre8Ingunn Stubhaug9Gerald Rimbach10Department of Animal Production, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainDepartment of Animal Production, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainSkretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC), P.O. Box 48, N-4001 Stavanger, NorwayInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6-8, D-24118 Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6-8, D-24118 Kiel, GermanyInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6-8, D-24118 Kiel, GermanyDepartment of Animal Production, Technical School of Agricultural Engineering, Polytechnic University of Madrid, 28040 Madrid, SpainInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6-8, D-24118 Kiel, GermanyLucta, Can Parellada 28, 08170 Montornés del Vallés, Barcelona, SpainSkretting Aquaculture Research Centre (ARC), P.O. Box 48, N-4001 Stavanger, NorwayInstitute of Human Nutrition and Food Science, University of Kiel, Hermann-Rodewald-Straße 6-8, D-24118 Kiel, GermanyGamma tocopherol (gT) exhibits beneficial cardiovascular effects partly due to its anti-inflammatory activity. Important sources of gT are vegetable oils. However, little is known to what extent gT can be transferred into marine animal species such as Atlantic salmon by feeding. Therefore, in this study we have investigated the transfer of dietary gT into salmon. To this end, fish were fed a diet supplemented with 170 ppm gT for 16 weeks whereby alpha tocopherol levels were adjusted to 190 ppm in this and the control diet. Feeding gT-rich diets resulted in a three-fold increase in gT concentrations in the liver and fillet compared to non-gT-supplemented controls. Tissue alpha tocopherol levels were not decreased indicating no antagonistic interaction between gamma- and alpha tocopherol in salmon. The concentration of total omega 3 fatty acids slightly increased in response to dietary gT. Furthermore, dietary gT significantly decreased malondialdehyde in the fillet, determined as a biomarker of lipid peroxidation. In the liver of gT fed salmon we observed an overall down-regulation of genes involved in lipid homeostasis. Additionally, gT improved the antioxidant capacity by up-regulating Gpx4a gene expression in the pyloric caeca. We suggest that Atlantic salmon may provide a marine functional source capable of enriching gT for human consumption.http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/12/5944gamma tocopherolvitamin Eoily fishsalmon (Salmo salar)omega 3 fatty acidsfunctional foodscardiovascular disease |
| spellingShingle | David Menoyo Carmen Sanz-Bayón Anna Hesby Nessa Tuba Esatbeyoglu Mohammad Faizan Kathrin Pallauf Nuria De Diego Anika Eva Wagner Ignacio Ipharraguerre Ingunn Stubhaug Gerald Rimbach Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol Marine Drugs gamma tocopherol vitamin E oily fish salmon (Salmo salar) omega 3 fatty acids functional foods cardiovascular disease |
| title | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol |
| title_full | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol |
| title_fullStr | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol |
| title_full_unstemmed | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol |
| title_short | Atlantic Salmon (Salmo salar L.) as a Marine Functional Source of Gamma-Tocopherol |
| title_sort | atlantic salmon salmo salar l as a marine functional source of gamma tocopherol |
| topic | gamma tocopherol vitamin E oily fish salmon (Salmo salar) omega 3 fatty acids functional foods cardiovascular disease |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/1660-3397/12/12/5944 |
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