Nicotine dependence as an independent risk factor for atherosclerosis in the National Lung Screening Trial
Abstract Background Atherosclerosis and COPD are systemic inflammatory diseases that share common risk factors including cigarette smoking. A high level of nicotine dependence is emerging as a recently identified risk factor for pulmonary impairment, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and tobacco...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2019-01-01
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| Series: | BMC Public Health |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://link.springer.com/article/10.1186/s12889-019-6419-8 |