Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity
During ground-based solidification, buoyancy flow can develop by the density difference in the hypoeutectic type of the alloys, such as Al-7 wt% Si alloy. Buoyancy flow can affect the thermal field, solute distribution in the melt, and the position and amount of the new grains. As solidification is...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Crystals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/9/1226 |
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| author | András Roósz Arnold Rónaföldi Yuze Li Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël Gerhard Zimmermann Henri Nguyen-Thi Mária Svéda Zsolt Veres |
| author_facet | András Roósz Arnold Rónaföldi Yuze Li Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël Gerhard Zimmermann Henri Nguyen-Thi Mária Svéda Zsolt Veres |
| author_sort | András Roósz |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During ground-based solidification, buoyancy flow can develop by the density difference in the hypoeutectic type of the alloys, such as Al-7 wt% Si alloy. Buoyancy flow can affect the thermal field, solute distribution in the melt, and the position and amount of the new grains. As solidification is a very complex process, it is not very easy to separate the different effects. Under microgravity conditions, natural convection does not exist or is strongly damped due to the absence of the buoyancy force. Therefore, experiments in microgravity conditions provide unique benchmark data for pure diffusive solidification conditions. Compared to the results of the ground-based and microgravity experiments, it is possible to get information on the effect of gravity (buoyancy force). In the framework of the CETSOL project, four microgravity solidification experiments were performed on grain refined (GF) and non-grain refined Al-7 wt% Si alloy onboard the International Space Station in the Materials Science Laboratory. These experiments aimed to study the effect of the solidification parameters (solid/liquid front velocity <i>v<sub>SL</sub></i>, temperature gradient <i>G<sub>SL</sub></i>) on the grain structure and dendritic microstructures. The microgravity environment eliminates the melt flow, which develops on Earth due to gravity. Four ground-based (GB) experiments were performed under Earth-like conditions with the same (similar) solidification parameters in a vertical Bridgman-type furnace having four heating zones. The detailed analysis of the grain structure, amount of eutectic, and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) for different process conditions is reported and compared with the results of the microgravity experiments. GB experiments showed that the microstructure was columnar in the samples that do not contain GF material or in case the solid/liquid (<i>v<sub>SL</sub></i> front velocity was slow (0.02 mm/s)). In contrast, in the sample which contained GF material, progressive columnar/equiaxed transition (PCET) was observed at <i>v<sub>SL</sub></i> = 0.077 mm/s and <i>G<sub>SL</sub></i> = 3.9 K/mm. The secondary (SDAS) dendrite arm spacing follows the well-known power law, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>K</mi><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where <i>K</i> is a constant, and <i>t</i><sub>0</sub> is the local solidification time for both GB and µg experiments. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:20:46Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T00:20:46Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-54e6c7dd02b44d34ba45fbcb460dce382023-11-23T15:43:32ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-08-01129122610.3390/cryst12091226Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in MicrogravityAndrás Roósz0Arnold Rónaföldi1Yuze Li2Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël3Gerhard Zimmermann4Henri Nguyen-Thi5Mária Svéda6Zsolt Veres7Institute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming, and Nanotechnology (U.M.), University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, HungaryInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming, and Nanotechnology (U.M.), University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, HungarySchool of Physical Science and Technology, Northwestern Polytechnical University, Xi’an 710100, ChinaAix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, 13013 Marseille, FranceACCESS e.V., Intzestrasse 5, D-52072 Aachen, GermanyAix Marseille University, Université de Toulon, CNRS, IM2NP, 13013 Marseille, FranceMTA-ME Materials Science Research Group, ELKH, H-3515 Miskolc, HungaryInstitute of Physical Metallurgy, Metal Forming, and Nanotechnology (U.M.), University of Miskolc, H-3515 Miskolc, HungaryDuring ground-based solidification, buoyancy flow can develop by the density difference in the hypoeutectic type of the alloys, such as Al-7 wt% Si alloy. Buoyancy flow can affect the thermal field, solute distribution in the melt, and the position and amount of the new grains. As solidification is a very complex process, it is not very easy to separate the different effects. Under microgravity conditions, natural convection does not exist or is strongly damped due to the absence of the buoyancy force. Therefore, experiments in microgravity conditions provide unique benchmark data for pure diffusive solidification conditions. Compared to the results of the ground-based and microgravity experiments, it is possible to get information on the effect of gravity (buoyancy force). In the framework of the CETSOL project, four microgravity solidification experiments were performed on grain refined (GF) and non-grain refined Al-7 wt% Si alloy onboard the International Space Station in the Materials Science Laboratory. These experiments aimed to study the effect of the solidification parameters (solid/liquid front velocity <i>v<sub>SL</sub></i>, temperature gradient <i>G<sub>SL</sub></i>) on the grain structure and dendritic microstructures. The microgravity environment eliminates the melt flow, which develops on Earth due to gravity. Four ground-based (GB) experiments were performed under Earth-like conditions with the same (similar) solidification parameters in a vertical Bridgman-type furnace having four heating zones. The detailed analysis of the grain structure, amount of eutectic, and secondary dendrite arm spacing (SDAS) for different process conditions is reported and compared with the results of the microgravity experiments. GB experiments showed that the microstructure was columnar in the samples that do not contain GF material or in case the solid/liquid (<i>v<sub>SL</sub></i> front velocity was slow (0.02 mm/s)). In contrast, in the sample which contained GF material, progressive columnar/equiaxed transition (PCET) was observed at <i>v<sub>SL</sub></i> = 0.077 mm/s and <i>G<sub>SL</sub></i> = 3.9 K/mm. The secondary (SDAS) dendrite arm spacing follows the well-known power law, <inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><mrow><mi>S</mi><mi>D</mi><mi>A</mi><mi>S</mi><mo>=</mo><mi>K</mi><msup><mrow><mo stretchy="false">[</mo><msub><mi>t</mi><mn>0</mn></msub><mo stretchy="false">]</mo></mrow><mrow><mfrac><mn>1</mn><mn>3</mn></mfrac></mrow></msup></mrow></semantics></math></inline-formula>, where <i>K</i> is a constant, and <i>t</i><sub>0</sub> is the local solidification time for both GB and µg experiments.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/9/1226Al-7 wt% Sisolidificationspacegroundgrain structureeutectic |
| spellingShingle | András Roósz Arnold Rónaföldi Yuze Li Nathalie Mangelinck-Noël Gerhard Zimmermann Henri Nguyen-Thi Mária Svéda Zsolt Veres Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity Crystals Al-7 wt% Si solidification space ground grain structure eutectic |
| title | Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity |
| title_full | Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity |
| title_fullStr | Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity |
| title_full_unstemmed | Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity |
| title_short | Microstructure Analysis of Al-7 wt% Si Alloy Solidified on Earth Compared to Similar Experiments in Microgravity |
| title_sort | microstructure analysis of al 7 wt si alloy solidified on earth compared to similar experiments in microgravity |
| topic | Al-7 wt% Si solidification space ground grain structure eutectic |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/9/1226 |
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