Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality
Soybean is one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients in diet formulations; however, in pig farming, it represents the main source of protein. The production and supply of soybean are critical steps due to their environmental impact and feed/food competition for land use. Therefore, res...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Animals |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/494 |
| _version_ | 1827760541657989120 |
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| author | Silvia Parrini Chiara Aquilani Carolina Pugliese Riccardo Bozzi Francesco Sirtori |
| author_facet | Silvia Parrini Chiara Aquilani Carolina Pugliese Riccardo Bozzi Francesco Sirtori |
| author_sort | Silvia Parrini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Soybean is one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients in diet formulations; however, in pig farming, it represents the main source of protein. The production and supply of soybean are critical steps due to their environmental impact and feed/food competition for land use. Therefore, research is focusing on finding alternatives to replace soybean partially or totally. However, alternative ingredients should ensure similar growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics compared to conventional soybean-based diets. The objective of this review was to evaluate the impact of different alternative protein sources to soybean in pig nutrition and their effects on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits. The review process was performed on Scopus<sup>®</sup>, and it considered research findings published from 2012 to the present on the <i>Sus scrofa</i> species. Articles without a control group fed with soybean were discarded. The main alternative protein sources identified were other legumes and distillers’ dried grain with solubles (fish and animal proteins, oilseed by- and co-products). Interesting innovative protein sources included by-products from other industries (residues), microalgae and insects. Nevertheless, in dietary formulations, close attention must be paid to address the nutritional requirements, balance the supply of amino acids, avoid anti-nutritional or toxic compounds occasionally present in alternative protein sources, as well as determine the availability of protein feed in specific geographical areas. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-54eea15efa8842fc919640588def763d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-2615 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T09:53:57Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Animals |
| spelling | doaj.art-54eea15efa8842fc919640588def763d2023-11-16T16:01:39ZengMDPI AGAnimals2076-26152023-01-0113349410.3390/ani13030494Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat QualitySilvia Parrini0Chiara Aquilani1Carolina Pugliese2Riccardo Bozzi3Francesco Sirtori4Department of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry—DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry—DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry—DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry—DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalyDepartment of Agriculture, Food, Environment and Forestry—DAGRI, University of Florence, 50144 Florence, ItalySoybean is one of the most expensive and limiting feed ingredients in diet formulations; however, in pig farming, it represents the main source of protein. The production and supply of soybean are critical steps due to their environmental impact and feed/food competition for land use. Therefore, research is focusing on finding alternatives to replace soybean partially or totally. However, alternative ingredients should ensure similar growth performance, carcass traits, and meat quality characteristics compared to conventional soybean-based diets. The objective of this review was to evaluate the impact of different alternative protein sources to soybean in pig nutrition and their effects on growth performance, carcass, and meat quality traits. The review process was performed on Scopus<sup>®</sup>, and it considered research findings published from 2012 to the present on the <i>Sus scrofa</i> species. Articles without a control group fed with soybean were discarded. The main alternative protein sources identified were other legumes and distillers’ dried grain with solubles (fish and animal proteins, oilseed by- and co-products). Interesting innovative protein sources included by-products from other industries (residues), microalgae and insects. Nevertheless, in dietary formulations, close attention must be paid to address the nutritional requirements, balance the supply of amino acids, avoid anti-nutritional or toxic compounds occasionally present in alternative protein sources, as well as determine the availability of protein feed in specific geographical areas.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/494fava beanpeaalgaeinsect mealfatty acidspork |
| spellingShingle | Silvia Parrini Chiara Aquilani Carolina Pugliese Riccardo Bozzi Francesco Sirtori Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality Animals fava bean pea algae insect meal fatty acids pork |
| title | Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality |
| title_full | Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality |
| title_fullStr | Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality |
| title_full_unstemmed | Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality |
| title_short | Soybean Replacement by Alternative Protein Sources in Pig Nutrition and Its Effect on Meat Quality |
| title_sort | soybean replacement by alternative protein sources in pig nutrition and its effect on meat quality |
| topic | fava bean pea algae insect meal fatty acids pork |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/13/3/494 |
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