Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites
Among bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives, BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon recently came forward with antileishmanial activities beyond the standard, commercialized antileishmanial therapies. However, high-level toxicity on macrophages plus poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of the compo...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-01-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Nanotechnology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2021.773741/full |
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| author | Zeynep Islek Zeynep Islek Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Elif Keskin Bilgesu Onur Sucu Bilgesu Onur Sucu Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Mustafa Guzel Mustafa Guzel Fikrettin Sahin |
| author_facet | Zeynep Islek Zeynep Islek Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Elif Keskin Bilgesu Onur Sucu Bilgesu Onur Sucu Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Mustafa Guzel Mustafa Guzel Fikrettin Sahin |
| author_sort | Zeynep Islek |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Among bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives, BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon recently came forward with antileishmanial activities beyond the standard, commercialized antileishmanial therapies. However, high-level toxicity on macrophages plus poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of the compounds limit their application in therapies. Addressing these limitations, the present study introduces BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsomes as lipid-based nanocarrier systems. Accordingly, emulsome formulations were prepared with the presence of BNIP compounds. The average diameters of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsomes were found as 363.1 and 337.4 nm, respectively; while empty emulsomes differed with a smaller average particle diameter, i.e., 239.1 nm. All formulations exhibited a negative zeta potential value. The formulations achieved the encapsulation of BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon at approximately 0.31 mg/ml (501 µM) and 0.24 mg/ml (387 µM), respectively. The delivery of BNIP within the emulsomes improved the antileishmanial activity of the compounds. BNIPDaoct-loaded emulsome with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.59 ± 0.08 µM was in particular effective against Leishmania infantum promastigotes compared to free BNIPDaoct (0.84 ± 0.09 µM), free BNIPDanon (1.85 ± 0.01 µM), and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsome (1.73 ± 0.02 µM). Indicated by at least ≥ 2-fold higher 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values, the incorporation of BNIP into emulsomes significantly reduced the toxicity of BNIPs against macrophages, corresponding to up to 16-fold improvement in selectivity index (CC50/IC50) for L. infantum promastigotes. The infection rates of macrophages were determined using dual-fluorescent flow cytometry as 68.6%. Both BNIP formulations at concentration of 1.87 µM reduced the parasitic load nearly to 40%, whereas BNIPDaoct-loaded emulosmes could further decrease the parasitic load below 20% at 7.5 µM and above. In conclusion, the incorporation of BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon into emulsomes results in water-soluble dispersed emulsome formulations that do not only successfully facilitate the delivery of BNIP compounds into the parasites and the Leishmania-infected macrophages in vitro but also enhance antileishmanial efficacy as proven by the decline in IC50 values. The selectivity of the formulation for L. infantum parasites further contributes to the challenging safety profile of the compounds. The promising in vitro antileishmanial efficacy of BNIP-loaded emulsomes highlights the potential of the system for the future in vivo studies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:02:23Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2673-3013 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T20:02:23Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Nanotechnology |
| spelling | doaj.art-54f7b438222243a49b7776d066771ff62022-12-22T04:05:32ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Nanotechnology2673-30132022-01-01310.3389/fnano.2021.773741773741Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum ParasitesZeynep Islek0Zeynep Islek1Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik2Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik3Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik4Elif Keskin5Bilgesu Onur Sucu6Bilgesu Onur Sucu7Ana G. Gomes‐Alves8Ana G. Gomes‐Alves9Ana G. Gomes‐Alves10Ana M. Tomás11Ana M. Tomás12Ana M. Tomás13Mustafa Guzel14Mustafa Guzel15Fikrettin Sahin16Department of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Istanbul Health and Technology University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, School of Engineering and Natural Sciences, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyRegenerative and Restorative Medicine Research Center (REMER), Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyCenter of Drug Discovery and Development, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyCenter of Drug Discovery and Development, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyMedical Laboratory Techniques, Vocational School of Health Services, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyI3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saùde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, PortugalIBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, PortugalCEB-Centro de Engenharia Biológica, Universidade Do Minho, Braga, PortugalI3S-Instituto de Investigação e Inovação Em Saùde, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, PortugalIBMC-Instituto de Biologia Molecular e Celular, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, Portugal0ICBAS-Instituto de Ciências Biomèdicas Abel Salazar, Universidade Do Porto, Porto, PortugalCenter of Drug Discovery and Development, Research Institute for Health Sciences and Technologies (SABITA), Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, Turkey1Department of Medical Pharmacology, International School of Medicine, Istanbul Medipol University, Istanbul, TurkeyDepartment of Genetics and Bioengineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yeditepe University, Istanbul, TurkeyAmong bisnaphthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives, BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon recently came forward with antileishmanial activities beyond the standard, commercialized antileishmanial therapies. However, high-level toxicity on macrophages plus poor aqueous solubility and poor bioavailability of the compounds limit their application in therapies. Addressing these limitations, the present study introduces BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsomes as lipid-based nanocarrier systems. Accordingly, emulsome formulations were prepared with the presence of BNIP compounds. The average diameters of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsomes were found as 363.1 and 337.4 nm, respectively; while empty emulsomes differed with a smaller average particle diameter, i.e., 239.1 nm. All formulations exhibited a negative zeta potential value. The formulations achieved the encapsulation of BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon at approximately 0.31 mg/ml (501 µM) and 0.24 mg/ml (387 µM), respectively. The delivery of BNIP within the emulsomes improved the antileishmanial activity of the compounds. BNIPDaoct-loaded emulsome with 50% inhibitory concentration (IC50) value of 0.59 ± 0.08 µM was in particular effective against Leishmania infantum promastigotes compared to free BNIPDaoct (0.84 ± 0.09 µM), free BNIPDanon (1.85 ± 0.01 µM), and BNIPDanon-loaded emulsome (1.73 ± 0.02 µM). Indicated by at least ≥ 2-fold higher 50% cytotoxic concentration (CC50) values, the incorporation of BNIP into emulsomes significantly reduced the toxicity of BNIPs against macrophages, corresponding to up to 16-fold improvement in selectivity index (CC50/IC50) for L. infantum promastigotes. The infection rates of macrophages were determined using dual-fluorescent flow cytometry as 68.6%. Both BNIP formulations at concentration of 1.87 µM reduced the parasitic load nearly to 40%, whereas BNIPDaoct-loaded emulosmes could further decrease the parasitic load below 20% at 7.5 µM and above. In conclusion, the incorporation of BNIPDaoct and BNIPDanon into emulsomes results in water-soluble dispersed emulsome formulations that do not only successfully facilitate the delivery of BNIP compounds into the parasites and the Leishmania-infected macrophages in vitro but also enhance antileishmanial efficacy as proven by the decline in IC50 values. The selectivity of the formulation for L. infantum parasites further contributes to the challenging safety profile of the compounds. The promising in vitro antileishmanial efficacy of BNIP-loaded emulsomes highlights the potential of the system for the future in vivo studies.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2021.773741/fullbisnapthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivativesLeishmania infantumnanocarrieremulsomeantileishmanial therapyinfected macrophages |
| spellingShingle | Zeynep Islek Zeynep Islek Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Mehmet Hikmet Ucisik Elif Keskin Bilgesu Onur Sucu Bilgesu Onur Sucu Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana G. Gomes‐Alves Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Ana M. Tomás Mustafa Guzel Mustafa Guzel Fikrettin Sahin Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites Frontiers in Nanotechnology bisnapthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives Leishmania infantum nanocarrier emulsome antileishmanial therapy infected macrophages |
| title | Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites |
| title_full | Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites |
| title_fullStr | Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites |
| title_short | Antileishmanial Activity of BNIPDaoct- and BNIPDanon-loaded Emulsomes on Leishmania infantum Parasites |
| title_sort | antileishmanial activity of bnipdaoct and bnipdanon loaded emulsomes on leishmania infantum parasites |
| topic | bisnapthalimidopropyl (BNIP) derivatives Leishmania infantum nanocarrier emulsome antileishmanial therapy infected macrophages |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fnano.2021.773741/full |
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