A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency
To endow synergistically epoxy resin (EP) with excellent fire resistance and high optical transparency, a nitrogen-rich DOPO-based derivate (named as FATP) was synthesized and incorporated into EP. It showed that the incorporation of the FATP reduced the fire hazard of the EP, as demonstrated by the...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Materials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/519 |
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| author | Jiayi Lu Boyu Cai Wendi Xu Luze Wang Zhonglin Luo Biaobing Wang |
| author_facet | Jiayi Lu Boyu Cai Wendi Xu Luze Wang Zhonglin Luo Biaobing Wang |
| author_sort | Jiayi Lu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | To endow synergistically epoxy resin (EP) with excellent fire resistance and high optical transparency, a nitrogen-rich DOPO-based derivate (named as FATP) was synthesized and incorporated into EP. It showed that the incorporation of the FATP reduced the fire hazard of the EP, as demonstrated by the fact that the EP/4% FATP blends gained a UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 35%, with the lowest values of the THR (86.7 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>), the PHRR (1059.3 kW/m<sup>2</sup>), and the TSP (89.6 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>). The presence of the FATP also reduced the thermal stability and the crosslinking density whilst improving the curing reaction and the storage modulus of the EP/FATP blends. The TG-FTIR spectra showed that •HPO/•PO free radicals and some nonflammable gases (HN<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>) were produced during the pyrolysis, and the characterization (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS) of char residues confirmed that the FATP facilitated the formation of continuous and compact carbon layers of greater graphitization degree. It was thus concluded that the FATP played the flame-retardant roles in both the gas and condensed phases. Furthermore, the FREPs kept almost identical transparency as the pristine EP, and mechanical properties were also slightly enhanced. The FREPs presented in this work show promising applications in the fields of advanced optical technology. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:51:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55081186d1ca4f0ea9ddc60a1db4ffd2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1944 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:51:24Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials |
| spelling | doaj.art-55081186d1ca4f0ea9ddc60a1db4ffd22023-11-30T23:14:24ZengMDPI AGMaterials1996-19442023-01-0116251910.3390/ma16020519A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable TransparencyJiayi Lu0Boyu Cai1Wendi Xu2Luze Wang3Zhonglin Luo4Biaobing Wang5Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaJiangsu Key Laboratory of Environmentally Friendly Polymeric Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Photovoltaic Science and Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, ChinaTo endow synergistically epoxy resin (EP) with excellent fire resistance and high optical transparency, a nitrogen-rich DOPO-based derivate (named as FATP) was synthesized and incorporated into EP. It showed that the incorporation of the FATP reduced the fire hazard of the EP, as demonstrated by the fact that the EP/4% FATP blends gained a UL-94 V-0 rating and an LOI value of 35%, with the lowest values of the THR (86.7 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>), the PHRR (1059.3 kW/m<sup>2</sup>), and the TSP (89.6 MJ/m<sup>2</sup>). The presence of the FATP also reduced the thermal stability and the crosslinking density whilst improving the curing reaction and the storage modulus of the EP/FATP blends. The TG-FTIR spectra showed that •HPO/•PO free radicals and some nonflammable gases (HN<sub>3</sub> and NH<sub>3</sub>) were produced during the pyrolysis, and the characterization (SEM, Raman spectroscopy, and XPS) of char residues confirmed that the FATP facilitated the formation of continuous and compact carbon layers of greater graphitization degree. It was thus concluded that the FATP played the flame-retardant roles in both the gas and condensed phases. Furthermore, the FREPs kept almost identical transparency as the pristine EP, and mechanical properties were also slightly enhanced. The FREPs presented in this work show promising applications in the fields of advanced optical technology.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/519epoxy resinflame-retardant mechanismfire resistancetransparency |
| spellingShingle | Jiayi Lu Boyu Cai Wendi Xu Luze Wang Zhonglin Luo Biaobing Wang A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency Materials epoxy resin flame-retardant mechanism fire resistance transparency |
| title | A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency |
| title_full | A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency |
| title_fullStr | A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency |
| title_short | A Nitrogen-Rich DOPO-Based Derivate for Increasing Fire Resistance of Epoxy Resin with Comparable Transparency |
| title_sort | nitrogen rich dopo based derivate for increasing fire resistance of epoxy resin with comparable transparency |
| topic | epoxy resin flame-retardant mechanism fire resistance transparency |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1944/16/2/519 |
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