Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study
Objectives: The present study analyzed the reciprocal relationships between four common pediatric ophthalmic diseases (i.e., hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: This study enrolled 86,028 children with ADHD and 1...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)
2023-11-01
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| Series: | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462023000500397&lng=en&tlng=en |
| _version_ | 1797449346918121472 |
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| author | Wei-Po Chou Yi-Lung Chen Ray C. Hsiao Yu-Hung Lai Cheng-Fang Yen |
| author_facet | Wei-Po Chou Yi-Lung Chen Ray C. Hsiao Yu-Hung Lai Cheng-Fang Yen |
| author_sort | Wei-Po Chou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Objectives: The present study analyzed the reciprocal relationships between four common pediatric ophthalmic diseases (i.e., hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: This study enrolled 86,028 children with ADHD and 1,798,673 children without ADHD in the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database who were born at any time from 2004 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the bidirectional relationships of the four ophthalmic diseases with ADHD in children after adjusting for age, sex, and gestational age at birth. Survival curves for time-to-event variables were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare the curves. Results: The results indicated that ADHD significantly predicted the occurrence of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus. Furthermore, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus significantly predicted the occurrence of ADHD. The time between enrollment and ADHD diagnosis was shorter for patients with ophthalmic diseases than for the control group, and the time between enrollment and ophthalmic disease diagnosis was also shorter for ADHD patients than for the control group. Sex differences were found in the associations between ADHD and ophthalmic diseases. Conclusion: Clinicians should monitor children with ADHD for hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus to ensure appropriate treatment, and vice versa. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:23:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5518577bdb304ce6aa3ad6215586a82c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1809-452X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T14:23:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | Associação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-5518577bdb304ce6aa3ad6215586a82c2023-11-28T07:49:47ZengAssociação Brasileira de Psiquiatria (ABP)Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry1809-452X2023-11-0145539740410.47626/1516-4446-2023-3156Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort studyWei-Po ChouYi-Lung ChenRay C. HsiaoYu-Hung Laihttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1997-0587Cheng-Fang Yenhttps://orcid.org/0000-0003-1156-4939 Objectives: The present study analyzed the reciprocal relationships between four common pediatric ophthalmic diseases (i.e., hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus) and attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in children. Methods: This study enrolled 86,028 children with ADHD and 1,798,673 children without ADHD in the Taiwan Maternal and Child Health Database who were born at any time from 2004 to 2017. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate the bidirectional relationships of the four ophthalmic diseases with ADHD in children after adjusting for age, sex, and gestational age at birth. Survival curves for time-to-event variables were estimated using the Kaplan-Meier method, and the log-rank test was used to compare the curves. Results: The results indicated that ADHD significantly predicted the occurrence of hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus. Furthermore, hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus significantly predicted the occurrence of ADHD. The time between enrollment and ADHD diagnosis was shorter for patients with ophthalmic diseases than for the control group, and the time between enrollment and ophthalmic disease diagnosis was also shorter for ADHD patients than for the control group. Sex differences were found in the associations between ADHD and ophthalmic diseases. Conclusion: Clinicians should monitor children with ADHD for hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus to ensure appropriate treatment, and vice versa.http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462023000500397&lng=en&tlng=enAttention deficit hyperactivity disorderhyperopiamyopiaastigmatismstrabismus |
| spellingShingle | Wei-Po Chou Yi-Lung Chen Ray C. Hsiao Yu-Hung Lai Cheng-Fang Yen Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study Brazilian Journal of Psychiatry Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder hyperopia myopia astigmatism strabismus |
| title | Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study |
| title_full | Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study |
| title_fullStr | Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study |
| title_short | Bidirectional associations between hyperopia, myopia, astigmatism, and strabismus, and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: a national population-based cohort study |
| title_sort | bidirectional associations between hyperopia myopia astigmatism and strabismus and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children a national population based cohort study |
| topic | Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder hyperopia myopia astigmatism strabismus |
| url | http://www.scielo.br/scielo.php?script=sci_arttext&pid=S1516-44462023000500397&lng=en&tlng=en |
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