A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques
Drastic declines in insect populations are a vital concern worldwide. Despite widespread insect monitoring, the significant gaps in the literature must be addressed. Future monitoring techniques must be systematic and global. Advanced technologies and computer solutions are needed. We provide here a...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-02-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1474 |
| _version_ | 1797395842705915904 |
|---|---|
| author | Alexey Noskov Joerg Bendix Nicolas Friess |
| author_facet | Alexey Noskov Joerg Bendix Nicolas Friess |
| author_sort | Alexey Noskov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Drastic declines in insect populations are a vital concern worldwide. Despite widespread insect monitoring, the significant gaps in the literature must be addressed. Future monitoring techniques must be systematic and global. Advanced technologies and computer solutions are needed. We provide here a review of relevant works to show the high potential for solving the aforementioned problems. Major historical and modern methods of insect monitoring are considered. All major radar solutions are carefully reviewed. Insect monitoring with radar is a well established technique, but it is still a fast-growing topic. The paper provides an updated classification of insect radar sets. Three main groups of insect radar solutions are distinguished: scanning, vertical-looking, and harmonic. Pulsed radar sets are utilized for all three groups, while frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) systems are applied only for vertical-looking and harmonic insect radar solutions. This work proves the high potential of radar entomology based on the growing research interest, along with the emerging novel setups, compact devices, and data processing approaches. The review exposes promising insect monitoring solutions using compact radar instruments. The proposed compact and resource-effective setups can be very beneficial for systematic insect monitoring. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:41:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5520b7fd4eca47afa7e77fb230a76333 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T00:41:33Z |
| publishDate | 2021-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-5520b7fd4eca47afa7e77fb230a763332023-12-11T17:46:34ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202021-02-01214147410.3390/s21041474A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar TechniquesAlexey Noskov0Joerg Bendix1Nicolas Friess2Faculty of Geography, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032 Marburg, GermanyFaculty of Geography, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032 Marburg, GermanyFaculty of Geography, Philipps University of Marburg, Deutschhausstraße 12, 35032 Marburg, GermanyDrastic declines in insect populations are a vital concern worldwide. Despite widespread insect monitoring, the significant gaps in the literature must be addressed. Future monitoring techniques must be systematic and global. Advanced technologies and computer solutions are needed. We provide here a review of relevant works to show the high potential for solving the aforementioned problems. Major historical and modern methods of insect monitoring are considered. All major radar solutions are carefully reviewed. Insect monitoring with radar is a well established technique, but it is still a fast-growing topic. The paper provides an updated classification of insect radar sets. Three main groups of insect radar solutions are distinguished: scanning, vertical-looking, and harmonic. Pulsed radar sets are utilized for all three groups, while frequency-modulated continuous-wave (FMCW) systems are applied only for vertical-looking and harmonic insect radar solutions. This work proves the high potential of radar entomology based on the growing research interest, along with the emerging novel setups, compact devices, and data processing approaches. The review exposes promising insect monitoring solutions using compact radar instruments. The proposed compact and resource-effective setups can be very beneficial for systematic insect monitoring.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1474insect radarconservationremote sensinglight trapFMCW radarUGV |
| spellingShingle | Alexey Noskov Joerg Bendix Nicolas Friess A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques Sensors insect radar conservation remote sensing light trap FMCW radar UGV |
| title | A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques |
| title_full | A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques |
| title_fullStr | A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques |
| title_full_unstemmed | A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques |
| title_short | A Review of Insect Monitoring Approaches with Special Reference to Radar Techniques |
| title_sort | review of insect monitoring approaches with special reference to radar techniques |
| topic | insect radar conservation remote sensing light trap FMCW radar UGV |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/21/4/1474 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT alexeynoskov areviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques AT joergbendix areviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques AT nicolasfriess areviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques AT alexeynoskov reviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques AT joergbendix reviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques AT nicolasfriess reviewofinsectmonitoringapproacheswithspecialreferencetoradartechniques |