Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein

This study evaluated the effect of multi-carbohydrase (MC) on energy and nitrogen (N) balance and gene expression in broilers fed diets with different crude protein (CP) contents. The study employed a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were presence or absence of MC, and standard...

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Main Authors: Sosthene Musigwa, Natalie Morgan, Robert A. Swick, Pierre Cozannet, Sarbast K. Kheravii, Shu-Biao Wu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: KeAi Communications Co., Ltd. 2021-06-01
Series:Animal Nutrition
Subjects:
Online Access:http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452100024X
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author Sosthene Musigwa
Natalie Morgan
Robert A. Swick
Pierre Cozannet
Sarbast K. Kheravii
Shu-Biao Wu
author_facet Sosthene Musigwa
Natalie Morgan
Robert A. Swick
Pierre Cozannet
Sarbast K. Kheravii
Shu-Biao Wu
author_sort Sosthene Musigwa
collection DOAJ
description This study evaluated the effect of multi-carbohydrase (MC) on energy and nitrogen (N) balance and gene expression in broilers fed diets with different crude protein (CP) contents. The study employed a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were presence or absence of MC, and standard (SCP) or low (LCP) dietary CP concentration. A 3-phase feeding program was used, including starter (0 to 7 d), grower (8 to 17 d) and finisher (18 to 28 d) phases. The study was undertaken in closed calorimetry chambers. Each of the 4 dietary treatments was replicated 8 times in total across 2 runs, with 2 birds per replicate (n = 64). Data for energy partitioning and N balance were collected from d 25 to 28. On d 28, birds were euthanized to collect muscle and intestinal tissue samples for gene expression. The results showed that the MC increased apparent metabolizable energy (AME, P < 0.01) and net energy (NE, P < 0.05), and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.01) in all diets. The proportion of energy retained as fat per total energy retention (REf/RE) was positively correlated with feed AME and NE (r = 0.541, P < 0.01 and r = 0.665, P < 0.001, respectively), suggesting that feed energy augmented with increased fat gain. Muscle ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1W) gene expression had a positive correlation with REf/RE and feed NE (r = 0.587, P < 0.001 and r = 0.430, P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1A) expression was negatively correlated with weight gain and positively correlated with FCR (r = −0.451, P < 0.05 and r = 0.359, P < 0.05, respectively). These correlations show that over-expressions of muscle genes related to energy production reduce bird performance. This study demonstrated that MC increase dietary energy utilization, regardless of dietary CP concentration. However, the energy released by the enzymes increases feed energy-to-CP ratio, meaning there is excess energy that is then deposited as body fat. This suggests that supplemental MC in broiler feeds is beneficial if diets are formulated to contain marginal energy levels.
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spelling doaj.art-55271837cc89408aa37575c43d9e796c2022-12-21T22:36:22ZengKeAi Communications Co., Ltd.Animal Nutrition2405-65452021-06-0172496505Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude proteinSosthene Musigwa0Natalie Morgan1Robert A. Swick2Pierre Cozannet3Sarbast K. Kheravii4Shu-Biao Wu5School of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, AustraliaAdisseo France SAS, 92160, Antony, FranceSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, AustraliaSchool of Environmental and Rural Science, University of New England, Armidale, NSW, 2351, Australia; Corresponding author.This study evaluated the effect of multi-carbohydrase (MC) on energy and nitrogen (N) balance and gene expression in broilers fed diets with different crude protein (CP) contents. The study employed a 2 × 2 factorial arrangement of treatments. The factors were presence or absence of MC, and standard (SCP) or low (LCP) dietary CP concentration. A 3-phase feeding program was used, including starter (0 to 7 d), grower (8 to 17 d) and finisher (18 to 28 d) phases. The study was undertaken in closed calorimetry chambers. Each of the 4 dietary treatments was replicated 8 times in total across 2 runs, with 2 birds per replicate (n = 64). Data for energy partitioning and N balance were collected from d 25 to 28. On d 28, birds were euthanized to collect muscle and intestinal tissue samples for gene expression. The results showed that the MC increased apparent metabolizable energy (AME, P < 0.01) and net energy (NE, P < 0.05), and reduced the feed conversion ratio (FCR, P < 0.01) in all diets. The proportion of energy retained as fat per total energy retention (REf/RE) was positively correlated with feed AME and NE (r = 0.541, P < 0.01 and r = 0.665, P < 0.001, respectively), suggesting that feed energy augmented with increased fat gain. Muscle ATP synthase subunit alpha (ATP5A1W) gene expression had a positive correlation with REf/RE and feed NE (r = 0.587, P < 0.001 and r = 0.430, P < 0.05, respectively). Similarly, muscle peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1A) expression was negatively correlated with weight gain and positively correlated with FCR (r = −0.451, P < 0.05 and r = 0.359, P < 0.05, respectively). These correlations show that over-expressions of muscle genes related to energy production reduce bird performance. This study demonstrated that MC increase dietary energy utilization, regardless of dietary CP concentration. However, the energy released by the enzymes increases feed energy-to-CP ratio, meaning there is excess energy that is then deposited as body fat. This suggests that supplemental MC in broiler feeds is beneficial if diets are formulated to contain marginal energy levels.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452100024XApparent metabolizable energyNet energyNitrogen efficiencyGene expressionEnergy-to-protein ratio
spellingShingle Sosthene Musigwa
Natalie Morgan
Robert A. Swick
Pierre Cozannet
Sarbast K. Kheravii
Shu-Biao Wu
Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
Animal Nutrition
Apparent metabolizable energy
Net energy
Nitrogen efficiency
Gene expression
Energy-to-protein ratio
title Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
title_full Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
title_fullStr Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
title_full_unstemmed Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
title_short Multi-carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
title_sort multi carbohydrase enzymes improve feed energy in broiler diets containing standard or low crude protein
topic Apparent metabolizable energy
Net energy
Nitrogen efficiency
Gene expression
Energy-to-protein ratio
url http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S240565452100024X
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