Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit
The present work aimed to chemically characterize and evaluate the antiradical power and biological effects of <i>Citrus medica</i> var. <i>sarcodactylus</i> essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (Hy) from exocarp as well as methanol extracts, from both exocarp and mesocarp (EEX a...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-03-01
|
| Series: | Molecules |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1666 |
| _version_ | 1797474302708154368 |
|---|---|
| author | Sara Vitalini Marcello Iriti Elisa Ovidi Valentina Laghezza Masci Antonio Tiezzi Stefania Garzoli |
| author_facet | Sara Vitalini Marcello Iriti Elisa Ovidi Valentina Laghezza Masci Antonio Tiezzi Stefania Garzoli |
| author_sort | Sara Vitalini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The present work aimed to chemically characterize and evaluate the antiradical power and biological effects of <i>Citrus medica</i> var. <i>sarcodactylus</i> essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (Hy) from exocarp as well as methanol extracts, from both exocarp and mesocarp (EEX and MEX). The whole fresh fruit was also investigated by SPME-GC/MS to describe its volatile composition. EO and Hy were analyzed by GC/MS and HS-GC/MS techniques, respectively. Limonene and <i>γ</i>-terpinene were found to be the most abundant compounds both in the fresh parts of the fruit and in the EO, while α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol were in the Hy. The extracts were also rich in furan and coumarin derivatives. A good antiradical activity of all samples except Hy was detected both against ABTS·+ than DPPH·, removed up to about 50%. The antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was evaluated by microwell dilution method to determine MIC and MBC values. EEX and MEX showed efficacy at very high concentrations against both tested bacteria. The MIC value of EO against <i>B. cereus</i> was 0.5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>, while Hy was not able to inhibit the bacterial growth at the tested concentrations. Cytotoxicity investigated on the HL60 leukemia cell line by MTT assay provided an EC<sub>50</sub> of 1.24% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> for EO. Interesting activity of Hy was also observed. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-552b6bed3b054372a1f77ec58f5cb88d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:29:04Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-552b6bed3b054372a1f77ec58f5cb88d2023-11-23T23:27:54ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-03-01275166610.3390/molecules27051666Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand FruitSara Vitalini0Marcello Iriti1Elisa Ovidi2Valentina Laghezza Masci3Antonio Tiezzi4Stefania Garzoli5Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, Università degli Studi di Milano, 20133 Milan, ItalyDepartment for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment for the Innovation in Biological, Agrofood and Forestal Systems, Tuscia University, 01100 Viterbo, ItalyDepartment of Drug Chemistry and Technology, Sapienza University, 00185 Rome, ItalyThe present work aimed to chemically characterize and evaluate the antiradical power and biological effects of <i>Citrus medica</i> var. <i>sarcodactylus</i> essential oil (EO) and hydrolate (Hy) from exocarp as well as methanol extracts, from both exocarp and mesocarp (EEX and MEX). The whole fresh fruit was also investigated by SPME-GC/MS to describe its volatile composition. EO and Hy were analyzed by GC/MS and HS-GC/MS techniques, respectively. Limonene and <i>γ</i>-terpinene were found to be the most abundant compounds both in the fresh parts of the fruit and in the EO, while α-terpineol and terpinen-4-ol were in the Hy. The extracts were also rich in furan and coumarin derivatives. A good antiradical activity of all samples except Hy was detected both against ABTS·+ than DPPH·, removed up to about 50%. The antibacterial activity against <i>Bacillus cereus</i> and <i>Escherichia coli</i> was evaluated by microwell dilution method to determine MIC and MBC values. EEX and MEX showed efficacy at very high concentrations against both tested bacteria. The MIC value of EO against <i>B. cereus</i> was 0.5% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i>, while Hy was not able to inhibit the bacterial growth at the tested concentrations. Cytotoxicity investigated on the HL60 leukemia cell line by MTT assay provided an EC<sub>50</sub> of 1.24% <i>v</i>/<i>v</i> for EO. Interesting activity of Hy was also observed.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1666<i>Citrus medica</i>fingered citronseparationchemical analysisvolatile compoundsantibacterial activity |
| spellingShingle | Sara Vitalini Marcello Iriti Elisa Ovidi Valentina Laghezza Masci Antonio Tiezzi Stefania Garzoli Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit Molecules <i>Citrus medica</i> fingered citron separation chemical analysis volatile compounds antibacterial activity |
| title | Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit |
| title_full | Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit |
| title_fullStr | Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit |
| title_short | Detection of Volatiles by HS-SPME-GC/MS and Biological Effect Evaluation of Buddha’s Hand Fruit |
| title_sort | detection of volatiles by hs spme gc ms and biological effect evaluation of buddha s hand fruit |
| topic | <i>Citrus medica</i> fingered citron separation chemical analysis volatile compounds antibacterial activity |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/5/1666 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT saravitalini detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit AT marcelloiriti detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit AT elisaovidi detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit AT valentinalaghezzamasci detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit AT antoniotiezzi detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit AT stefaniagarzoli detectionofvolatilesbyhsspmegcmsandbiologicaleffectevaluationofbuddhashandfruit |