The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective
During the great life-altering challenges brought by Coronavirus 2019, school closures and lack of access to exercise and social interactions may have increased students’ negative emotions. The current research acts as a follow-up study to the development of the EXSEM-SC, using the Repeated Measures...
| Main Authors: | , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-01-01
|
| Series: | Healthcare |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/2/233 |
| _version_ | 1797441893994332160 |
|---|---|
| author | Ming-Yu Claudia Wong Hong-Wang Fung Guangzhe Frank Yuan |
| author_facet | Ming-Yu Claudia Wong Hong-Wang Fung Guangzhe Frank Yuan |
| author_sort | Ming-Yu Claudia Wong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | During the great life-altering challenges brought by Coronavirus 2019, school closures and lack of access to exercise and social interactions may have increased students’ negative emotions. The current research acts as a follow-up study to the development of the EXSEM-SC, using the Repeated Measures Panel Analysis Framework (RMPAF) to examine the stability of the model in revealing the relationship between physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents. It is also aimed at examining the changes in physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents between, before, and after the peak of COVID-19 using the EXSEM-SC Model. The RMPAF has involved 572 (60% Female, <i>Mage</i> = 13.63, SD =1.31) Hong Kong secondary school students. Furthermore, using the abductive qualitative approach, a total of 25 (<i>Mage</i> = 14.84, <i>SD</i> = 1.40) students were involved in the in-depth interviews to further investigate the relationships within the EXSEM-SC. The quantitative results showed that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs, as well as satisfying model construct consistency. Moreover, it showed no significant differences in the level of physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being during and after the peak of COVID-19. The qualitative results demonstrated two new categories within the EXSEM-SC variables, which are personality traits and injuries experiences. With the stability of the EXSEM-SC model among adolescents, it is expected that the physical activity intervention, which is based on the EXSEM-SC model, could also aim at easing Hong Kong adolescent’s mental health issues. In addition, in terms of generating a long-term impact among students, the physical activity and self-compassionate intervention should be promoted among schools. However, the quantitative properties of the two new categories in the qualitative outcomes should be involved in future investigation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:32:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55399dac1acb41448cde3916a7112496 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9032 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T12:32:47Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Healthcare |
| spelling | doaj.art-55399dac1acb41448cde3916a71124962023-11-30T22:27:58ZengMDPI AGHealthcare2227-90322023-01-0111223310.3390/healthcare11020233The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) PerspectiveMing-Yu Claudia Wong0Hong-Wang Fung1Guangzhe Frank Yuan2Department of Health and Physical Education, The Education University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, ChinaDepartment of Social Work, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, ChinaSouth Carolina Smart State Center for Healthcare Quality, Arnold School of Public Health, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USADuring the great life-altering challenges brought by Coronavirus 2019, school closures and lack of access to exercise and social interactions may have increased students’ negative emotions. The current research acts as a follow-up study to the development of the EXSEM-SC, using the Repeated Measures Panel Analysis Framework (RMPAF) to examine the stability of the model in revealing the relationship between physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents. It is also aimed at examining the changes in physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being among Hong Kong adolescents between, before, and after the peak of COVID-19 using the EXSEM-SC Model. The RMPAF has involved 572 (60% Female, <i>Mage</i> = 13.63, SD =1.31) Hong Kong secondary school students. Furthermore, using the abductive qualitative approach, a total of 25 (<i>Mage</i> = 14.84, <i>SD</i> = 1.40) students were involved in the in-depth interviews to further investigate the relationships within the EXSEM-SC. The quantitative results showed that the relationship between physical activity and self-compassion could be demonstrated by the EXSEM-SC, with a satisfactory goodness-of-fit index in the SEMs, as well as satisfying model construct consistency. Moreover, it showed no significant differences in the level of physical activity, self-compassion, and mental well-being during and after the peak of COVID-19. The qualitative results demonstrated two new categories within the EXSEM-SC variables, which are personality traits and injuries experiences. With the stability of the EXSEM-SC model among adolescents, it is expected that the physical activity intervention, which is based on the EXSEM-SC model, could also aim at easing Hong Kong adolescent’s mental health issues. In addition, in terms of generating a long-term impact among students, the physical activity and self-compassionate intervention should be promoted among schools. However, the quantitative properties of the two new categories in the qualitative outcomes should be involved in future investigation.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/2/233self-compassionphysical activitymental well-beingadolescents |
| spellingShingle | Ming-Yu Claudia Wong Hong-Wang Fung Guangzhe Frank Yuan The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective Healthcare self-compassion physical activity mental well-being adolescents |
| title | The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective |
| title_full | The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective |
| title_fullStr | The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective |
| title_short | The Association between Physical Activity, Self-Compassion, and Mental Well-Being after COVID-19: In the Exercise and Self-Esteem Model Revised with Self-Compassion (EXSEM-SC) Perspective |
| title_sort | association between physical activity self compassion and mental well being after covid 19 in the exercise and self esteem model revised with self compassion exsem sc perspective |
| topic | self-compassion physical activity mental well-being adolescents |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9032/11/2/233 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT mingyuclaudiawong theassociationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective AT hongwangfung theassociationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective AT guangzhefrankyuan theassociationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective AT mingyuclaudiawong associationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective AT hongwangfung associationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective AT guangzhefrankyuan associationbetweenphysicalactivityselfcompassionandmentalwellbeingaftercovid19intheexerciseandselfesteemmodelrevisedwithselfcompassionexsemscperspective |