Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements
Quantifying evapotranspiration and drainage losses is essential for improving irrigation efficiency. The FAO-56 is the most popular method for computing crop evapotranspiration. There is, however, a need for locally derived crop coefficients (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) with a high...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/734 |
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| author | Marinos Eliades Adriana Bruggeman Hakan Djuma Christos Christofi Christoph Kuells |
| author_facet | Marinos Eliades Adriana Bruggeman Hakan Djuma Christos Christofi Christoph Kuells |
| author_sort | Marinos Eliades |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Quantifying evapotranspiration and drainage losses is essential for improving irrigation efficiency. The FAO-56 is the most popular method for computing crop evapotranspiration. There is, however, a need for locally derived crop coefficients (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) with a high temporal resolution to reduce errors in the water balance. The aim of this paper is to introduce a dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> approach, based on Leaf Area Index (<i>LAI</i>) observations, for improving water balance computations. Soil moisture and meteorological data were collected in a terraced nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) orchard in Cyprus, from 22 March 2019 to 18 November 2021. The <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> was derived as a function of the canopy cover fraction (c), from biweekly in situ <i>LAI</i> measurements. The use of a dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> resulted in <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> estimates with a bias of 17 mm and a mean absolute error of 0.8 mm. Evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) ranged from 41% of the rainfall (<i>P</i>) and irrigation (<i>I</i>) in the wet year (2019) to 57% of <i>P</i> + <i>I</i> in the dry year (2021). Drainage losses from irrigation (<i>DR<sub>_I</sub></i>) were 44% of the total irrigation. The irrigation efficiency in the nectarine field could be improved by reducing irrigation amounts and increasing the irrigation frequency. Future studies should focus on improving the dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> approach by linking <i>LAI</i> field observations with remote sensing observations and by adding ground cover observations. |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:15:24Z |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5540019debda400aa51d3fff210915b12023-11-24T00:02:27ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114573410.3390/w14050734Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index MeasurementsMarinos Eliades0Adriana Bruggeman1Hakan Djuma2Christos Christofi3Christoph Kuells4Energy Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Aglantzia 2121, CyprusEnergy Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Aglantzia 2121, CyprusEnergy Environment and Water Research Center, The Cyprus Institute, Aglantzia 2121, CyprusCyprus Geological Survey Department, Ministry of Agriculture, Rural Development and Environment, Strovolos 2064, CyprusFachbereich Bauwesen, University of Applied Sciences Lübeck, 23562 Lübeck, GermanyQuantifying evapotranspiration and drainage losses is essential for improving irrigation efficiency. The FAO-56 is the most popular method for computing crop evapotranspiration. There is, however, a need for locally derived crop coefficients (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) with a high temporal resolution to reduce errors in the water balance. The aim of this paper is to introduce a dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> approach, based on Leaf Area Index (<i>LAI</i>) observations, for improving water balance computations. Soil moisture and meteorological data were collected in a terraced nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) orchard in Cyprus, from 22 March 2019 to 18 November 2021. The <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> was derived as a function of the canopy cover fraction (c), from biweekly in situ <i>LAI</i> measurements. The use of a dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> resulted in <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> estimates with a bias of 17 mm and a mean absolute error of 0.8 mm. Evapotranspiration (<i>ET</i>) ranged from 41% of the rainfall (<i>P</i>) and irrigation (<i>I</i>) in the wet year (2019) to 57% of <i>P</i> + <i>I</i> in the dry year (2021). Drainage losses from irrigation (<i>DR<sub>_I</sub></i>) were 44% of the total irrigation. The irrigation efficiency in the nectarine field could be improved by reducing irrigation amounts and increasing the irrigation frequency. Future studies should focus on improving the dynamic <i>K<sub>c</sub></i> approach by linking <i>LAI</i> field observations with remote sensing observations and by adding ground cover observations.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/734irrigation (<i>I</i>)canopy cover fraction (<i>c</i>)soil moisture |
| spellingShingle | Marinos Eliades Adriana Bruggeman Hakan Djuma Christos Christofi Christoph Kuells Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements Water irrigation (<i>I</i>) canopy cover fraction (<i>c</i>) soil moisture |
| title | Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
| title_full | Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
| title_fullStr | Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
| title_full_unstemmed | Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
| title_short | Quantifying Evapotranspiration and Drainage Losses in a Semi-Arid Nectarine (<i>Prunus persica</i> var. <i>nucipersica</i>) Field with a Dynamic Crop Coefficient (<i>K<sub>c</sub></i>) Derived from Leaf Area Index Measurements |
| title_sort | quantifying evapotranspiration and drainage losses in a semi arid nectarine i prunus persica i var i nucipersica i field with a dynamic crop coefficient i k sub c sub i derived from leaf area index measurements |
| topic | irrigation (<i>I</i>) canopy cover fraction (<i>c</i>) soil moisture |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/5/734 |
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