The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function
The pathological actions of anthrax toxin require the activities of its edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) enzyme components, which gain intracellular access via its receptor-binding component, protective antigen (PA). LF is a metalloproteinase with specificity for selected mitogen-activated p...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2011-06-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/6/591/ |
| _version_ | 1811300508347924480 |
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| author | David M. Frucht Roger D. Auth Tao Xie |
| author_facet | David M. Frucht Roger D. Auth Tao Xie |
| author_sort | David M. Frucht |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The pathological actions of anthrax toxin require the activities of its edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) enzyme components, which gain intracellular access via its receptor-binding component, protective antigen (PA). LF is a metalloproteinase with specificity for selected mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs), but its activity is not directly lethal to many types of primary and transformed cells in vitro. Nevertheless, in vivo treatment of several animal species with the combination of LF and PA (termed lethal toxin or LT) leads to morbidity and mortality, suggesting that LT-dependent toxicity is mediated by cellular interactions between host cells. Decades of research have revealed that a central hallmark of this toxicity is the disruption of key cellular barriers required to maintain homeostasis. This review will focus on the current understanding of the effects of LT on barrier function, highlighting recent progress in establishing the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:52:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-554d2a0bdd73481abc3c23f17da228f9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-13T06:52:13Z |
| publishDate | 2011-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-554d2a0bdd73481abc3c23f17da228f92022-12-22T02:57:22ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512011-06-013659160710.3390/toxins3060591The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier FunctionDavid M. FruchtRoger D. AuthTao XieThe pathological actions of anthrax toxin require the activities of its edema factor (EF) and lethal factor (LF) enzyme components, which gain intracellular access via its receptor-binding component, protective antigen (PA). LF is a metalloproteinase with specificity for selected mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases (MKKs), but its activity is not directly lethal to many types of primary and transformed cells in vitro. Nevertheless, in vivo treatment of several animal species with the combination of LF and PA (termed lethal toxin or LT) leads to morbidity and mortality, suggesting that LT-dependent toxicity is mediated by cellular interactions between host cells. Decades of research have revealed that a central hallmark of this toxicity is the disruption of key cellular barriers required to maintain homeostasis. This review will focus on the current understanding of the effects of LT on barrier function, highlighting recent progress in establishing the molecular mechanisms underlying these effects.http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/6/591/anthrax lethal toxinbarrier functionbacteriainfectionintestineendotheliumepitheliumblood-brain barrier |
| spellingShingle | David M. Frucht Roger D. Auth Tao Xie The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function Toxins anthrax lethal toxin barrier function bacteria infection intestine endothelium epithelium blood-brain barrier |
| title | The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function |
| title_full | The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function |
| title_fullStr | The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function |
| title_short | The Effects of Anthrax Lethal Toxin on Host Barrier Function |
| title_sort | effects of anthrax lethal toxin on host barrier function |
| topic | anthrax lethal toxin barrier function bacteria infection intestine endothelium epithelium blood-brain barrier |
| url | http://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/3/6/591/ |
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