Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit
In recent years, the application of isotopically labeled substrates has received extensive attention in plant physiology. Measuring the propagation of the label through metabolic networks may provide information on carbon allocation in sink fruit during fruit development. In this research, gas chrom...
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| Format: | Article |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2017-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Plant Science |
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| Online Access: | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01785/full |
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| author | Wasiye F. Beshir Victor B. M. Mbong Maarten L. A. T. M. Hertog Annemie H. Geeraerd Wim Van den Ende Bart M. Nicolaï Bart M. Nicolaï |
| author_facet | Wasiye F. Beshir Victor B. M. Mbong Maarten L. A. T. M. Hertog Annemie H. Geeraerd Wim Van den Ende Bart M. Nicolaï Bart M. Nicolaï |
| author_sort | Wasiye F. Beshir |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In recent years, the application of isotopically labeled substrates has received extensive attention in plant physiology. Measuring the propagation of the label through metabolic networks may provide information on carbon allocation in sink fruit during fruit development. In this research, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling was used to characterize the changing metabolic pool sizes in developing apple fruit at five growth stages (30, 58, 93, 121, and 149 days after full bloom) using 13C-isotope feeding experiments on hypanthium tissue discs. Following the feeding of [U-13C]glucose, the 13C-label was incorporated into the various metabolites to different degrees depending on incubation time, metabolic pathway activity, and growth stage. Evidence is presented that early in fruit development the utilization of the imported sugars was faster than in later developmental stages, likely to supply the energy and carbon skeletons required for cell division and fruit growth. The declined 13C-incorporation into various metabolites during growth and maturation can be associated with the reduced metabolic activity, as mirrored by the respiratory rate. Moreover, the concentration of fructose and sucrose increased during fruit development, whereas concentrations of most amino and organic acids and polyphenols declined. In general, this study showed that the imported compounds play a central role not only in carbohydrate metabolism, but also in the biosynthesis of amino acid and related protein synthesis and secondary metabolites at the early stage of fruit development. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:53:49Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-555b8b88d3b64af899601bf409701aef |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-462X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-23T20:53:49Z |
| publishDate | 2017-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Plant Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-555b8b88d3b64af899601bf409701aef2022-12-21T17:31:35ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Plant Science1664-462X2017-10-01810.3389/fpls.2017.01785294669Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple FruitWasiye F. Beshir0Victor B. M. Mbong1Maarten L. A. T. M. Hertog2Annemie H. Geeraerd3Wim Van den Ende4Bart M. Nicolaï5Bart M. Nicolaï6Division of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDivision of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDivision of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDivision of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumLaboratory of Molecular Plant Biology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumDivision of Mechatronics, Biostatistics and Sensors, Department of Biosystems, KU Leuven, Leuven, BelgiumFlanders Centre of Postharvest Technology, Leuven, BelgiumIn recent years, the application of isotopically labeled substrates has received extensive attention in plant physiology. Measuring the propagation of the label through metabolic networks may provide information on carbon allocation in sink fruit during fruit development. In this research, gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry based metabolite profiling was used to characterize the changing metabolic pool sizes in developing apple fruit at five growth stages (30, 58, 93, 121, and 149 days after full bloom) using 13C-isotope feeding experiments on hypanthium tissue discs. Following the feeding of [U-13C]glucose, the 13C-label was incorporated into the various metabolites to different degrees depending on incubation time, metabolic pathway activity, and growth stage. Evidence is presented that early in fruit development the utilization of the imported sugars was faster than in later developmental stages, likely to supply the energy and carbon skeletons required for cell division and fruit growth. The declined 13C-incorporation into various metabolites during growth and maturation can be associated with the reduced metabolic activity, as mirrored by the respiratory rate. Moreover, the concentration of fructose and sucrose increased during fruit development, whereas concentrations of most amino and organic acids and polyphenols declined. In general, this study showed that the imported compounds play a central role not only in carbohydrate metabolism, but also in the biosynthesis of amino acid and related protein synthesis and secondary metabolites at the early stage of fruit development.http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01785/fullMalus domestica BorkhBraeburnfruit growthGC-MSmetabolomics13C-label accumulation |
| spellingShingle | Wasiye F. Beshir Victor B. M. Mbong Maarten L. A. T. M. Hertog Annemie H. Geeraerd Wim Van den Ende Bart M. Nicolaï Bart M. Nicolaï Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit Frontiers in Plant Science Malus domestica Borkh Braeburn fruit growth GC-MS metabolomics 13C-label accumulation |
| title | Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit |
| title_full | Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit |
| title_fullStr | Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit |
| title_full_unstemmed | Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit |
| title_short | Dynamic Labeling Reveals Temporal Changes in Carbon Re-Allocation within the Central Metabolism of Developing Apple Fruit |
| title_sort | dynamic labeling reveals temporal changes in carbon re allocation within the central metabolism of developing apple fruit |
| topic | Malus domestica Borkh Braeburn fruit growth GC-MS metabolomics 13C-label accumulation |
| url | http://journal.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fpls.2017.01785/full |
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