Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms
Budeanu’s power theory, in its fundamental version, describes single-phase sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal systems. Over time, this elementary description has been extended to three-phase three-wire and four-wire systems, regardless of power conditions. Initially, three-phase systems were considered as...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Energies |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1043 |
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| author | Zbigniew Sołjan Tomasz Popławski |
| author_facet | Zbigniew Sołjan Tomasz Popławski |
| author_sort | Zbigniew Sołjan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Budeanu’s power theory, in its fundamental version, describes single-phase sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal systems. Over time, this elementary description has been extended to three-phase three-wire and four-wire systems, regardless of power conditions. Initially, three-phase systems were considered as three independent single-phase systems. A distinct approach was introduced by Czarnecki in his power theory (Currents’ Physical Components—CPC). The energy description and reference of the equivalent parameters of the load are comprehensive in the context of three-phase systems; Czarnecki treats such systems as a whole. This paper introduces a mathematical model to expand the basic Budeanu theory for three-phase four-wire (3-p 4-w) systems powered by symmetrical and nonsinusoidal voltage sources. The proposed approach is based on mutual elements between the fundamental Budeanu theory and the CPC theory, treating the 3-p 4-w system as a whole. In the extended Budeanu theory model, equations for the Budeanu reactive current and the Budeanu complemented reactive current are derived. The article also demonstrates their orthogonality concerning the remaining components, indicating that each of the seven components can exist independently of the others. Furthermore, in the extended Budeanu theory, it is possible to identify which equivalent parameters of the load are responsible for the individual currents (powers) and which components are associated with the total distortion power proposed by Budeanu in 1927. All of the calculations were performed in Matlab/Simulink 2023b software. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:04Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-555bb4234ebe4eb4a12f77f9fe3da563 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1996-1073 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-25T00:31:04Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Energies |
| spelling | doaj.art-555bb4234ebe4eb4a12f77f9fe3da5632024-03-12T16:43:07ZengMDPI AGEnergies1996-10732024-02-01175104310.3390/en17051043Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage WaveformsZbigniew Sołjan0Tomasz Popławski1Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Bialystok University of Technology, Wiejska 45D Street, 15-351 Białystok, PolandFaculty of Electrical Engineering, Czestochowa University of Technology, Aleja Armii Krajowej 17, 42-200 Częstochowa, PolandBudeanu’s power theory, in its fundamental version, describes single-phase sinusoidal and nonsinusoidal systems. Over time, this elementary description has been extended to three-phase three-wire and four-wire systems, regardless of power conditions. Initially, three-phase systems were considered as three independent single-phase systems. A distinct approach was introduced by Czarnecki in his power theory (Currents’ Physical Components—CPC). The energy description and reference of the equivalent parameters of the load are comprehensive in the context of three-phase systems; Czarnecki treats such systems as a whole. This paper introduces a mathematical model to expand the basic Budeanu theory for three-phase four-wire (3-p 4-w) systems powered by symmetrical and nonsinusoidal voltage sources. The proposed approach is based on mutual elements between the fundamental Budeanu theory and the CPC theory, treating the 3-p 4-w system as a whole. In the extended Budeanu theory model, equations for the Budeanu reactive current and the Budeanu complemented reactive current are derived. The article also demonstrates their orthogonality concerning the remaining components, indicating that each of the seven components can exist independently of the others. Furthermore, in the extended Budeanu theory, it is possible to identify which equivalent parameters of the load are responsible for the individual currents (powers) and which components are associated with the total distortion power proposed by Budeanu in 1927. All of the calculations were performed in Matlab/Simulink 2023b software.https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1043extended Budeanu theorycurrents’ physical components (CPC) theorydistortion powersymmetric voltage waveformsthree-phase systemslinear load |
| spellingShingle | Zbigniew Sołjan Tomasz Popławski Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms Energies extended Budeanu theory currents’ physical components (CPC) theory distortion power symmetric voltage waveforms three-phase systems linear load |
| title | Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms |
| title_full | Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms |
| title_fullStr | Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms |
| title_full_unstemmed | Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms |
| title_short | Budeanu’s Distortion Power Components Based on CPC Theory in Three-Phase Four-Wire Systems Supplied by Symmetrical Nonsinusoidal Voltage Waveforms |
| title_sort | budeanu s distortion power components based on cpc theory in three phase four wire systems supplied by symmetrical nonsinusoidal voltage waveforms |
| topic | extended Budeanu theory currents’ physical components (CPC) theory distortion power symmetric voltage waveforms three-phase systems linear load |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1996-1073/17/5/1043 |
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