Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea
As a unique landform in the island and reef area, the newborn sandbank is not only the initial stage of island development, but also has a rapid evolution and a complex dynamic mechanism. However, the dynamic geomorphology mechanism of the newborn sandbank is still lacking extensive study and direct...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Water |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3566 |
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| author | Huiming Huang Zhenwen Liu Chun Chen Xiang Lin Siqi Li Xiantao Huang Mee Mee Soe Mohammad Saydul Islam Sarkar |
| author_facet | Huiming Huang Zhenwen Liu Chun Chen Xiang Lin Siqi Li Xiantao Huang Mee Mee Soe Mohammad Saydul Islam Sarkar |
| author_sort | Huiming Huang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a unique landform in the island and reef area, the newborn sandbank is not only the initial stage of island development, but also has a rapid evolution and a complex dynamic mechanism. However, the dynamic geomorphology mechanism of the newborn sandbank is still lacking extensive study and direct evidence of the interaction process between the marine dynamics and the newborn sandbank geomorphology. Therefore, in order to reveal the interaction mechanisms between marine dynamics and newborn sandbanks, a newborn sandbank in the sea area of the Xisha Islands, in the South China Sea, has been selected as the focus of this research. The method of numerical simulation was used to discuss and analyze the wave field characteristics around the newborn sandbank and their impacts on the sandbank’s migration and development. The results show that: (1) The islands and reefs have significant refraction, diffraction, and energy dissipation effects on waves, and the newborn sandbank has the same effect, but with a weaker function. The wave height around the reef islands reduced by approximately 60–67% in dominated and strong wave directions. At the same time, the wave height attenuation in the wave shadow zone, behind the newborn sandbank, can reach approximately 27–33%. (2) Wind is important for the evolution of wave fields; in particular, when the wind speed exceeds grades four and five, the effect of the wind on the waves is particularly significant, causing the winds to control the wave characteristics around the islands and newborn sandbanks. This results in significant seasonal differences in wave fields within the sea area. (3) The wave direction primarily controls the migration direction of the newborn sandbank, and the wave height primarily controls the migration speed and distance. After one month of wave action in the strong wave direction, the maximum eastward deposition length was approximately 50 m. After one month of wave action in the dominated wave direction, the maximum eastward deposition length was approximately 60 m. Therefore, the topography of the newborn sandbank affects the wave propagation, meanwhile, the wave conversely determines migration and development of the newborn sandbank in a short term. The dynamic geomorphology action between the wave and newborn sandbank is a fast two-way process, and occurs not only during storms or the winter monsoon, but also during other, more common, weather events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:33:09Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:33:09Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
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| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-5569a6e501c7414e829d46cb8e7f86192023-11-24T07:21:30ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-11-011421356610.3390/w14213566Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China SeaHuiming Huang0Zhenwen Liu1Chun Chen2Xiang Lin3Siqi Li4Xiantao Huang5Mee Mee Soe6Mohammad Saydul Islam Sarkar7College of Harbour, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Harbour and Coastal Engineering, Jimei University, Xiamen 361021, ChinaIsland Research Center, Ministry of Natural Resources, Fuzhou 350400, ChinaCollege of Harbour, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Harbour, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaCollege of Harbour, Coastal, and Offshore Engineering, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, ChinaDepartment of Port and Harbour Engineering, Myanmar Maritime University, Yangon 11293, MyanmarDepartment of Oceanography, University of Chittagong, Chittagong 4331, BangladeshAs a unique landform in the island and reef area, the newborn sandbank is not only the initial stage of island development, but also has a rapid evolution and a complex dynamic mechanism. However, the dynamic geomorphology mechanism of the newborn sandbank is still lacking extensive study and direct evidence of the interaction process between the marine dynamics and the newborn sandbank geomorphology. Therefore, in order to reveal the interaction mechanisms between marine dynamics and newborn sandbanks, a newborn sandbank in the sea area of the Xisha Islands, in the South China Sea, has been selected as the focus of this research. The method of numerical simulation was used to discuss and analyze the wave field characteristics around the newborn sandbank and their impacts on the sandbank’s migration and development. The results show that: (1) The islands and reefs have significant refraction, diffraction, and energy dissipation effects on waves, and the newborn sandbank has the same effect, but with a weaker function. The wave height around the reef islands reduced by approximately 60–67% in dominated and strong wave directions. At the same time, the wave height attenuation in the wave shadow zone, behind the newborn sandbank, can reach approximately 27–33%. (2) Wind is important for the evolution of wave fields; in particular, when the wind speed exceeds grades four and five, the effect of the wind on the waves is particularly significant, causing the winds to control the wave characteristics around the islands and newborn sandbanks. This results in significant seasonal differences in wave fields within the sea area. (3) The wave direction primarily controls the migration direction of the newborn sandbank, and the wave height primarily controls the migration speed and distance. After one month of wave action in the strong wave direction, the maximum eastward deposition length was approximately 50 m. After one month of wave action in the dominated wave direction, the maximum eastward deposition length was approximately 60 m. Therefore, the topography of the newborn sandbank affects the wave propagation, meanwhile, the wave conversely determines migration and development of the newborn sandbank in a short term. The dynamic geomorphology action between the wave and newborn sandbank is a fast two-way process, and occurs not only during storms or the winter monsoon, but also during other, more common, weather events.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3566Xisha Islandsnewborn sandbankwave characteristicswind actionseasonal variationsandbank migration |
| spellingShingle | Huiming Huang Zhenwen Liu Chun Chen Xiang Lin Siqi Li Xiantao Huang Mee Mee Soe Mohammad Saydul Islam Sarkar Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea Water Xisha Islands newborn sandbank wave characteristics wind action seasonal variation sandbank migration |
| title | Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea |
| title_full | Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea |
| title_fullStr | Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea |
| title_full_unstemmed | Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea |
| title_short | Numerical Simulation Study on Interactions between the Wave and Newborn Sandbank in the Xisha Islands of the South China Sea |
| title_sort | numerical simulation study on interactions between the wave and newborn sandbank in the xisha islands of the south china sea |
| topic | Xisha Islands newborn sandbank wave characteristics wind action seasonal variation sandbank migration |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/21/3566 |
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