Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases
Abstract Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregat...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w |
| _version_ | 1797273808332128256 |
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| author | Xiaotong Xu Yi Han Binlong Zhang Quanzhong Ren Juan Ma Sijin Liu |
| author_facet | Xiaotong Xu Yi Han Binlong Zhang Quanzhong Ren Juan Ma Sijin Liu |
| author_sort | Xiaotong Xu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:49:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5569bfda8d2541438a6f4020c1c72dc1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1478-811X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T14:49:31Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Cell Communication and Signaling |
| spelling | doaj.art-5569bfda8d2541438a6f4020c1c72dc12024-03-05T19:46:44ZengBMCCell Communication and Signaling1478-811X2024-02-0122111710.1186/s12964-024-01509-wUnderstanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseasesXiaotong Xu0Yi Han1Binlong Zhang2Quanzhong Ren3Juan Ma4Sijin Liu5State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesGuang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesGuang’an Men Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical SciencesJST Sarcopenia Research Centre, National Center for Orthopaedics, Beijing Research Institute of Traumatology and Orthopaedics, Beijing Jishuitan Hospital, Capital Medical UniversityState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesState Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of SciencesAbstract Abnormal inflammatory states in the brain are associated with a variety of brain diseases. The dynamic changes in the number and function of immune cells in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are advantageous for the early prediction and diagnosis of immune diseases affecting the brain. The aggregated factors and cells in inflamed CSF may represent candidate targets for therapy. The physiological barriers in the brain, such as the blood‒brain barrier (BBB), establish a stable environment for the distribution of resident immune cells. However, the underlying mechanism by which peripheral immune cells migrate into the brain and their role in maintaining immune homeostasis in CSF are still unclear. To advance our understanding of the causal link between brain diseases and immune cell status, we investigated the characteristics of immune cell changes in CSF and the molecular mechanisms involved in common brain diseases. Furthermore, we summarized the diagnostic and treatment methods for brain diseases in which immune cells and related cytokines in CSF are used as targets. Further investigations of the new immune cell subtypes and their contributions to the development of brain diseases are needed to improve diagnostic specificity and therapy.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01509-wBrain diseaseImmune microenvironmentCerebrospinal fluidDisease diagnosis and therapeutics |
| spellingShingle | Xiaotong Xu Yi Han Binlong Zhang Quanzhong Ren Juan Ma Sijin Liu Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases Cell Communication and Signaling Brain disease Immune microenvironment Cerebrospinal fluid Disease diagnosis and therapeutics |
| title | Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| title_full | Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| title_fullStr | Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| title_full_unstemmed | Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| title_short | Understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| title_sort | understanding immune microenvironment alterations in the brain to improve the diagnosis and treatment of diverse brain diseases |
| topic | Brain disease Immune microenvironment Cerebrospinal fluid Disease diagnosis and therapeutics |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12964-024-01509-w |
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