<sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications
In a healthy body, homeostatic actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the integrity of the skeletal system. When cellular activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts become abnormal, pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, can occur. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiogr...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2021-06-01
|
| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6504 |
| _version_ | 1797529832540602368 |
|---|---|
| author | Peter Sang Uk Park William Y. Raynor Yusha Sun Thomas J. Werner Chamith S. Rajapakse Abass Alavi |
| author_facet | Peter Sang Uk Park William Y. Raynor Yusha Sun Thomas J. Werner Chamith S. Rajapakse Abass Alavi |
| author_sort | Peter Sang Uk Park |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In a healthy body, homeostatic actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the integrity of the skeletal system. When cellular activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts become abnormal, pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, can occur. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiographs, are insensitive to the early cellular changes that precede gross pathological findings, often leading to delayed disease diagnoses and suboptimal therapeutic strategies. <sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride (<sup>18</sup>F-NaF)-positron emission tomography (PET) is an emerging imaging modality with the potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of bone diseases through the detection of subtle metabolic changes. Specifically, the dissociated <sup>18</sup>F<sup>-</sup> is incorporated into hydroxyapatite, and its uptake reflects osteoblastic activity and bone perfusion, allowing for the quantification of bone turnover. While <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET has traditionally been used to detect metastatic bone disease, recent literature corroborates the use of <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET in benign osseous conditions as well. In this review, we discuss the cellular mechanisms of <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET and examine recent findings on its clinical application in diverse metabolic, autoimmune, and osteogenic bone disorders. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:19:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-556bc384ab1642d6a4340387e40160d8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:19:27Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-556bc384ab1642d6a4340387e40160d82023-11-22T00:31:32ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672021-06-012212650410.3390/ijms22126504<sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical ApplicationsPeter Sang Uk Park0William Y. Raynor1Yusha Sun2Thomas J. Werner3Chamith S. Rajapakse4Abass Alavi5Department of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAPerelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Civic Center Boulevard, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USADepartment of Radiology, Hospital of the University of Pennsylvania, 3400 Spruce Street, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USAIn a healthy body, homeostatic actions of osteoclasts and osteoblasts maintain the integrity of the skeletal system. When cellular activities of osteoclasts and osteoblasts become abnormal, pathological bone conditions, such as osteoporosis, can occur. Traditional imaging modalities, such as radiographs, are insensitive to the early cellular changes that precede gross pathological findings, often leading to delayed disease diagnoses and suboptimal therapeutic strategies. <sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride (<sup>18</sup>F-NaF)-positron emission tomography (PET) is an emerging imaging modality with the potential for early diagnosis and monitoring of bone diseases through the detection of subtle metabolic changes. Specifically, the dissociated <sup>18</sup>F<sup>-</sup> is incorporated into hydroxyapatite, and its uptake reflects osteoblastic activity and bone perfusion, allowing for the quantification of bone turnover. While <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET has traditionally been used to detect metastatic bone disease, recent literature corroborates the use of <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET in benign osseous conditions as well. In this review, we discuss the cellular mechanisms of <sup>18</sup>F-NaF-PET and examine recent findings on its clinical application in diverse metabolic, autoimmune, and osteogenic bone disorders.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6504<sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride<sup>18</sup>F-NaFPETosteoporosisPaget’s diseasehyperparathyroidism |
| spellingShingle | Peter Sang Uk Park William Y. Raynor Yusha Sun Thomas J. Werner Chamith S. Rajapakse Abass Alavi <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications International Journal of Molecular Sciences <sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride <sup>18</sup>F-NaF PET osteoporosis Paget’s disease hyperparathyroidism |
| title | <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications |
| title_full | <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications |
| title_fullStr | <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications |
| title_full_unstemmed | <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications |
| title_short | <sup>18</sup>F-Sodium Fluoride PET as a Diagnostic Modality for Metabolic, Autoimmune, and Osteogenic Bone Disorders: Cellular Mechanisms and Clinical Applications |
| title_sort | sup 18 sup f sodium fluoride pet as a diagnostic modality for metabolic autoimmune and osteogenic bone disorders cellular mechanisms and clinical applications |
| topic | <sup>18</sup>F-sodium fluoride <sup>18</sup>F-NaF PET osteoporosis Paget’s disease hyperparathyroidism |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/22/12/6504 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT petersangukpark sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications AT williamyraynor sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications AT yushasun sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications AT thomasjwerner sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications AT chamithsrajapakse sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications AT abassalavi sup18supfsodiumfluoridepetasadiagnosticmodalityformetabolicautoimmuneandosteogenicbonedisorderscellularmechanismsandclinicalapplications |