Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies
Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are mainly viral in origin and among the leading cause of childhood morbidity globally. Associated wheezing illness and asthma are still a clear unmet medical need. Despite the continuous progress in understanding the processes involved in their pathogenesis, preve...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-11-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1051079/full |
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| author | Stefania Ballarini Ledit Ardusso José Antonio Ortega Martell Oliviero Sacco Wojciech Feleszko Giovanni A. Rossi |
| author_facet | Stefania Ballarini Ledit Ardusso José Antonio Ortega Martell Oliviero Sacco Wojciech Feleszko Giovanni A. Rossi |
| author_sort | Stefania Ballarini |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Respiratory tract infections (RTI) are mainly viral in origin and among the leading cause of childhood morbidity globally. Associated wheezing illness and asthma are still a clear unmet medical need. Despite the continuous progress in understanding the processes involved in their pathogenesis, preventive measures and treatments failed to demonstrate any significant disease-modifying effect. However, in the last decades it was understood that early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of infectious and allergic disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy. These results suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates (BLs) acting on gut microbiota, could promote a heterologous immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence. This hypothesis has been supported by clinical and experimental studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood after oral BL prophylaxis and elucidating the involved mechanisms. OM-85 is the product whose anti-viral effects have been most extensively studied in vitro, animal, and human cell studies and in translational animal infection/disease models. The results of the latter studies, describing the potential immune training-based activities of such BL, leading to the protection against respiratory viruses, will be reported. In response to human rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, OM-85 was effective in modulating the structure and the functions of a large numbers of airways epithelial and immune cells, when administered both orally and intranasally. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:34:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-5578f42079c94306941b6617fc01c115 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2296-2360 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T14:34:05Z |
| publishDate | 2022-11-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Pediatrics |
| spelling | doaj.art-5578f42079c94306941b6617fc01c1152022-12-22T04:18:26ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Pediatrics2296-23602022-11-011010.3389/fped.2022.10510791051079Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studiesStefania Ballarini0Ledit Ardusso1José Antonio Ortega Martell2Oliviero Sacco3Wojciech Feleszko4Giovanni A. Rossi5Medicine and Surgery Department, University of Perugia, Perugia, ItalyAllergy and Immunology Department, Rosario School of Medicine, National University of Rosario, Rosario, ArgentinaHealth Sciences Institute, Autonomous University of Hidalgo State, Pachuca, Hidalgo, MéxicoDepartment of Pediatrics, Pulmonary and Allergy Disease Unit, G. Gaslini University Hospital, Genoa, ItalyDepartment of Pediatric Pulmonology and Allergy, The Medical University Children's Hospital, Warszawa, PolandDepartment of Pediatrics, Unit of Pediatrics Pulmonology and Respiratory Endoscopy, G. Gaslini Hospital, Genoa, ItalyRespiratory tract infections (RTI) are mainly viral in origin and among the leading cause of childhood morbidity globally. Associated wheezing illness and asthma are still a clear unmet medical need. Despite the continuous progress in understanding the processes involved in their pathogenesis, preventive measures and treatments failed to demonstrate any significant disease-modifying effect. However, in the last decades it was understood that early-life exposure to microbes, may reduce the risk of infectious and allergic disorders, increasing the immune response efficacy. These results suggested that treatment with bacterial lysates (BLs) acting on gut microbiota, could promote a heterologous immunomodulation useful in the prevention of recurrent RTIs and of wheezing inception and persistence. This hypothesis has been supported by clinical and experimental studies showing the reduction of RTI frequency and severity in childhood after oral BL prophylaxis and elucidating the involved mechanisms. OM-85 is the product whose anti-viral effects have been most extensively studied in vitro, animal, and human cell studies and in translational animal infection/disease models. The results of the latter studies, describing the potential immune training-based activities of such BL, leading to the protection against respiratory viruses, will be reported. In response to human rhinovirus, influenza virus, respiratory syncytial virus and severe acute respiratory coronavirus-2, OM-85 was effective in modulating the structure and the functions of a large numbers of airways epithelial and immune cells, when administered both orally and intranasally.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1051079/fullrespiratory infectionsbacterial lysatesOM-85HRVRSVIFV |
| spellingShingle | Stefania Ballarini Ledit Ardusso José Antonio Ortega Martell Oliviero Sacco Wojciech Feleszko Giovanni A. Rossi Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies Frontiers in Pediatrics respiratory infections bacterial lysates OM-85 HRV RSV IFV |
| title | Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies |
| title_full | Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies |
| title_fullStr | Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies |
| title_full_unstemmed | Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies |
| title_short | Can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood? The results of experimental OM-85 studies |
| title_sort | can bacterial lysates be useful in prevention of viral respiratory infections in childhood the results of experimental om 85 studies |
| topic | respiratory infections bacterial lysates OM-85 HRV RSV IFV |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fped.2022.1051079/full |
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