Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children
Background: Childhood obesity is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. This study aimed to assess the impact of childhood obesity on the vasculature and to investigate whether vascular alteration precedes arterial wall thickening in childhood. Methods: A total of 295 overweight (bo...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3520 |
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| author | Sung-Ai Kim Kyung Hee Park Sarah Woo Yoon Myung Kim Hyun Jung Lim Woo-Jung Park |
| author_facet | Sung-Ai Kim Kyung Hee Park Sarah Woo Yoon Myung Kim Hyun Jung Lim Woo-Jung Park |
| author_sort | Sung-Ai Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Background: Childhood obesity is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. This study aimed to assess the impact of childhood obesity on the vasculature and to investigate whether vascular alteration precedes arterial wall thickening in childhood. Methods: A total of 295 overweight (body mass index [BMI] 85th to 95th percentile, <i>n</i> = 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile, <i>n</i> = 234) children aged 7–17 years and 31 normal-weight controls with similar age and gender were prospectively recruited. We assessed anthropometric data and laboratory findings, and measured the carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), carotid artery (CA) diameter, M-mode-derived arterial stiffness indices, and velocity vector imaging parameters, including the CA area, fractional area change, circumferential strain, and circumferential strain rate (SR). Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 10.8 ± 2.1 years; 172 (58%) children were male. Regarding structural properties, there was no difference in the IMT between the three groups. The CA diameter was significantly increased in obese children, whereas the CA area showed a significant increase beginning in the overweight stage. Regarding functional properties, contrary to β stiffness and Young’s elastic modulus, which were not different between the three groups, the circumferential SR showed a significant decrease beginning in the overweight stage and was independently associated with BMI z-scores after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that arterial stiffening and arterial enlargement precede arterial wall thickening, and that these vascular alterations begin at the overweight stage in middle childhood or early adolescence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:26:18Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55822cb8a24b438e9820f5e4d6a876a8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2077-0383 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:26:18Z |
| publishDate | 2022-06-01 |
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| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Clinical Medicine |
| spelling | doaj.art-55822cb8a24b438e9820f5e4d6a876a82023-11-23T17:17:22ZengMDPI AGJournal of Clinical Medicine2077-03832022-06-011112352010.3390/jcm11123520Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese ChildrenSung-Ai Kim0Kyung Hee Park1Sarah Woo2Yoon Myung Kim3Hyun Jung Lim4Woo-Jung Park5Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, KoreaDepartment of Family Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, KoreaDepartment of Medical Science, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, KoreaDepartment of Sports Industry Studies, Yonsei University International Campus, Incheon 21983, KoreaDepartment of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, KoreaDivision of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Hallym Sacred Heart Hospital, Hallym University College of Medicine, Anyang 14068, KoreaBackground: Childhood obesity is linked to adverse cardiovascular outcomes in adulthood. This study aimed to assess the impact of childhood obesity on the vasculature and to investigate whether vascular alteration precedes arterial wall thickening in childhood. Methods: A total of 295 overweight (body mass index [BMI] 85th to 95th percentile, <i>n</i> = 30) and obese (BMI ≥ 95th percentile, <i>n</i> = 234) children aged 7–17 years and 31 normal-weight controls with similar age and gender were prospectively recruited. We assessed anthropometric data and laboratory findings, and measured the carotid intima–media thickness (IMT), carotid artery (CA) diameter, M-mode-derived arterial stiffness indices, and velocity vector imaging parameters, including the CA area, fractional area change, circumferential strain, and circumferential strain rate (SR). Results: The mean ± standard deviation age of the participants was 10.8 ± 2.1 years; 172 (58%) children were male. Regarding structural properties, there was no difference in the IMT between the three groups. The CA diameter was significantly increased in obese children, whereas the CA area showed a significant increase beginning in the overweight stage. Regarding functional properties, contrary to β stiffness and Young’s elastic modulus, which were not different between the three groups, the circumferential SR showed a significant decrease beginning in the overweight stage and was independently associated with BMI z-scores after adjusting for covariates. Conclusion: We have demonstrated that arterial stiffening and arterial enlargement precede arterial wall thickening, and that these vascular alterations begin at the overweight stage in middle childhood or early adolescence.https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3520obesitychildhoodvascularstiffness |
| spellingShingle | Sung-Ai Kim Kyung Hee Park Sarah Woo Yoon Myung Kim Hyun Jung Lim Woo-Jung Park Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children Journal of Clinical Medicine obesity childhood vascular stiffness |
| title | Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children |
| title_full | Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children |
| title_fullStr | Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children |
| title_full_unstemmed | Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children |
| title_short | Vascular Alterations Preceding Arterial Wall Thickening in Overweight and Obese Children |
| title_sort | vascular alterations preceding arterial wall thickening in overweight and obese children |
| topic | obesity childhood vascular stiffness |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2077-0383/11/12/3520 |
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