Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach

The suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Changjiang Estuary is characterized by a high concentration of significant diurnal dynamics. With a higher temporal resolution (eight images obtained per day), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) was selected as the primary remote sensor for the dynamics...

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Main Authors: Dinghui Shang, Huiping Xu
Format: Article
Language:English
Published: MDPI AG 2018-11-01
Series:Sensors
Subjects:
Online Access:https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4186
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author Dinghui Shang
Huiping Xu
author_facet Dinghui Shang
Huiping Xu
author_sort Dinghui Shang
collection DOAJ
description The suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Changjiang Estuary is characterized by a high concentration of significant diurnal dynamics. With a higher temporal resolution (eight images obtained per day), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) was selected as the primary remote sensor for the dynamics monitoring in this paper, instead of other satellite sensor working in polar orbit. Based on the characteristics of the field spectra measured in the estuary, an empirical model was established with the band ratio of R<sub>rs</sub>745 divided by R<sub>rs</sub>490 and proven effective in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) estimation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9376, RMSE = 89.32 mg/L). While, Validation results showed that the model performed better in coastal turbid waters than offshore clear waters with higher chlorophyll-a concentration, stressing the importance of partitioning SPM into its major components and doing separate analysis. The hourly observations from GOCI showed that the diurnal variation magnitudes exhibited clear regional characteristics, with a maximum in the turbidity belt near the mouth and a minimum in the offshore deeper areas. In addition, comparing the monthly averaged SPM distribution with the amount of sediment discharged into the estuary, the variation in estuarine turbidity maximum zone is more likely contributed by the sediments resuspended from the sea bed that has already accumulated in the estuarine delta.
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spelling doaj.art-5585f6eec9794593a073ffcd9d284d402022-12-22T04:23:40ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202018-11-011812418610.3390/s18124186s18124186Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling ApproachDinghui Shang0Huiping Xu1School of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai 200092, ChinaInstitute of Deep-sea and Engineering, Chinese Academy of Science, Sanya 572000, ChinaThe suspended particulate matter (SPM) in Changjiang Estuary is characterized by a high concentration of significant diurnal dynamics. With a higher temporal resolution (eight images obtained per day), Geostationary Ocean Color Imager (GOCI) was selected as the primary remote sensor for the dynamics monitoring in this paper, instead of other satellite sensor working in polar orbit. Based on the characteristics of the field spectra measured in the estuary, an empirical model was established with the band ratio of R<sub>rs</sub>745 divided by R<sub>rs</sub>490 and proven effective in Suspended Particulate Matter (SPM) estimation (R<sup>2</sup> = 0.9376, RMSE = 89.32 mg/L). While, Validation results showed that the model performed better in coastal turbid waters than offshore clear waters with higher chlorophyll-a concentration, stressing the importance of partitioning SPM into its major components and doing separate analysis. The hourly observations from GOCI showed that the diurnal variation magnitudes exhibited clear regional characteristics, with a maximum in the turbidity belt near the mouth and a minimum in the offshore deeper areas. In addition, comparing the monthly averaged SPM distribution with the amount of sediment discharged into the estuary, the variation in estuarine turbidity maximum zone is more likely contributed by the sediments resuspended from the sea bed that has already accumulated in the estuarine delta.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4186suspended particulate matterthe Changjiang EstuaryGOCIspatial-temporal variability
spellingShingle Dinghui Shang
Huiping Xu
Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
Sensors
suspended particulate matter
the Changjiang Estuary
GOCI
spatial-temporal variability
title Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
title_full Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
title_fullStr Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
title_full_unstemmed Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
title_short Qualitative Dynamics of Suspended Particulate Matter in the Changjiang Estuary from Geostationary Ocean Color Images: An Empirical, Regional Modeling Approach
title_sort qualitative dynamics of suspended particulate matter in the changjiang estuary from geostationary ocean color images an empirical regional modeling approach
topic suspended particulate matter
the Changjiang Estuary
GOCI
spatial-temporal variability
url https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/18/12/4186
work_keys_str_mv AT dinghuishang qualitativedynamicsofsuspendedparticulatematterinthechangjiangestuaryfromgeostationaryoceancolorimagesanempiricalregionalmodelingapproach
AT huipingxu qualitativedynamicsofsuspendedparticulatematterinthechangjiangestuaryfromgeostationaryoceancolorimagesanempiricalregionalmodelingapproach