| Summary: | Prostate cancer has become the second leading cause of death in men worldwide. Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) test is the main screening test used to detect prostate cancer. If either the PSA value is higher than 4 ng/mL or prostate nodules are noted, then a prostatic biopsy is recommended. The anatomopathological examination can reveal atypical small acinar proliferation (ASAP), which may correspond with early-stage prostate cancer or a lesion that simulate of cancer. The aim of this study was to evaluate the number of prostate cancer cases confirmed by immunohistochemistry in patients who underwent prostatic biopsy diagnosed with ASAP in relation to PSA levels. A retrospective study was carried out at the pathology laboratory, and anatomopathological and immunohistochemical reports of 40 prostate biopsies diagnosed with ASAP performed between 2005 and 2008 were reviewed. Of the 60% of ASAP cases, the immunohistochemical diagnosis was adenocarcinoma, and 58.3% has been classified as Gleason score 6. Of these, 79.2% of adenocarcinoma patients aged over 60 years, and those 66.7% with hyperplasia were over that mentioned age. Two patients with adenocarcinoma had PSA values higher than 10 ng/mL, and four patients had PSA values lower than 4 ng/mL. Immunohistochemistry can help on diagnosis of prostate cancer as to avoid the re-biopsy in most ASAP cases.
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