Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim
<i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usag...
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5579 |
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| author | Filip Graczyk Jakub Gębalski Anna Makuch-Kocka Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Sebastian Grzyb Anna Bogucka-Kocka Daniel Załuski |
| author_facet | Filip Graczyk Jakub Gębalski Anna Makuch-Kocka Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Sebastian Grzyb Anna Bogucka-Kocka Daniel Załuski |
| author_sort | Filip Graczyk |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the <i>E. senticosus</i> fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC<sub>50</sub> values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:35Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T01:29:35Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-5592712238f042bd9bb0cccfa360b2112023-11-23T13:44:26ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492022-08-012717557910.3390/molecules27175579Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) MaximFilip Graczyk0Jakub Gębalski1Anna Makuch-Kocka2Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska3Aneta A. Ptaszyńska4Sebastian Grzyb5Anna Bogucka-Kocka6Daniel Załuski7Department of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Pharmacology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, PolandDepartment of Immunobiology, Institute of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19 Str., 20-033 Lublin, PolandCollege of Engineering and Health in Warsaw, Bitwy Warszawskiej 1920 r. 18 Str., 02-366 Warsaw, PolandDepartment of Biology and Genetics, Medical University of Lublin, 4a Chodzki Str., 20-093 Lublin, PolandDepartment of Pharmaceutical Botany and Pharmacognosy, Ludwik Rydygier Collegium Medicum, Nicolaus Copernicus University, Marie Curie-Skłodowska 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland<i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim. is well-known for its adaptogenic properties in traditional Eastern medicine. It has been categorized as an endangered species due to the over-exploitation of the roots. As a result, alternatives must be found, including the usage of renewable aerial parts such as fruits. The goal of this research was to determine the phenolic compounds and the enzymatic, antioxidant, and cytotoxic activities of the intractum gained from the <i>E. senticosus</i> fruits and the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5). The obtained results showed, that the intractum contained 1.02 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 0.30 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 0.19 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. In turn, the mixture of chloroform-methanol roots extract with naringenin (3:7:5) contained 159.27 mg/g ext. of polyphenols, 137.47 mg/g ext. of flavonoids, and 79.99 mg/g ext. of phenolic acids. Regarding the anti-enzymatic assay, the IC<sub>50</sub> values for tyrosinase and hyaluronidase were equal to 586.83 and 217.44 [μg/mL] for the intractum, and 162.56 and 44.80 [μg/mL] for the mixture, respectively. Both preparations have possessed significant antioxidant activity in the ABTS, DPPH, and ferrozine tests. No cytotoxic effect on the FaDu and HEP G2 cancer cell lines was observed. Our findings support the traditional use of fruits and roots. Moreover, the results indicate also that adaptogens are rather nontoxic for normal and cancer cells, which corresponds with some hypotheses on adaptogens activity.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5579<i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i>intractumcytotoxicityCOVID-19hyaluronidasetyrosinase |
| spellingShingle | Filip Graczyk Jakub Gębalski Anna Makuch-Kocka Dorota Gawenda-Kempczyńska Aneta A. Ptaszyńska Sebastian Grzyb Anna Bogucka-Kocka Daniel Załuski Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim Molecules <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> intractum cytotoxicity COVID-19 hyaluronidase tyrosinase |
| title | Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim |
| title_full | Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim |
| title_fullStr | Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim |
| title_short | Phenolic Profile, Antioxidant, Anti-Enzymatic and Cytotoxic Activity of the Fruits and Roots of <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> (Rupr. et Maxim.) Maxim |
| title_sort | phenolic profile antioxidant anti enzymatic and cytotoxic activity of the fruits and roots of i eleutherococcus senticosus i rupr et maxim maxim |
| topic | <i>Eleutherococcus senticosus</i> intractum cytotoxicity COVID-19 hyaluronidase tyrosinase |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/27/17/5579 |
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