Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment
Daya Bay, especially in the northwestern region, which is a nature reserve with larval economic fish and shrimp populations, is no longer an unpolluted marine environment due to the recent increases in anthropogenic activities. This study collected seasonal surface sediment samples from 20 sites in...
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2021-12-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.755873/full |
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| author | Huijuan Wang Huijuan Wang Zhengqiu Fan Zexing Kuang Zexing Kuang Yuan Yuan Huaxue Liu Honghui Huang |
| author_facet | Huijuan Wang Huijuan Wang Zhengqiu Fan Zexing Kuang Zexing Kuang Yuan Yuan Huaxue Liu Honghui Huang |
| author_sort | Huijuan Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Daya Bay, especially in the northwestern region, which is a nature reserve with larval economic fish and shrimp populations, is no longer an unpolluted marine environment due to the recent increases in anthropogenic activities. This study collected seasonal surface sediment samples from 20 sites in northwestern Daya Bay to evaluate pollution and ecological risks and to identify possible sources and transport pathways of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, As). The results showed that all the heavy metal concentrations were below the established primary standard criteria, except for concentrations of Cr in spring, as well as Cu and Zn in autumn at several sampling stations, which had excess rates of 35, 4.76, and 4.76%, respectively. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values of heavy metals indicated that all sites had unpolluted to moderate pollution levels. In comparison to the samples collected in autumn, those in spring experienced a higher degree of pollution, particularly Cr and As. The ecological risk indices of heavy metals in sediments ranged from 225.86 to 734.20 in spring and from 196.69 to 567.52 in autumn, suggesting that most sites had a moderate ecological risk or a considerable ecological risk, and very few a had high ecological risk. Moreover, ArcGIS10.2 software was used to visualize their spatial distribution, and the results were similar in both spring and autumn. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that Cu, Hg, and Pb might be affected by anthropogenic activities, and As might be derived from natural sources such as atmospheric inputs. A cluster analysis showed that heavy metals were mainly affected by the negative impacts of human beings on the environment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:55:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-559dc72c15764b86b30e2800bed703fd |
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| issn | 2296-665X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T18:55:17Z |
| publishDate | 2021-12-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Environmental Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-559dc72c15764b86b30e2800bed703fd2022-12-21T23:34:49ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Environmental Science2296-665X2021-12-01910.3389/fenvs.2021.755873755873Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk AssessmentHuijuan Wang0Huijuan Wang1Zhengqiu Fan2Zexing Kuang3Zexing Kuang4Yuan Yuan5Huaxue Liu6Honghui Huang7Key Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaSouth China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaKey Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaSouth China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, ChinaDepartment of Environmental Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai, ChinaSouth China Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Guangzhou, ChinaKey Laboratory of Fishery Ecology and Environment, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou, ChinaDaya Bay, especially in the northwestern region, which is a nature reserve with larval economic fish and shrimp populations, is no longer an unpolluted marine environment due to the recent increases in anthropogenic activities. This study collected seasonal surface sediment samples from 20 sites in northwestern Daya Bay to evaluate pollution and ecological risks and to identify possible sources and transport pathways of heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Cr, Cu, Zn, Hg, As). The results showed that all the heavy metal concentrations were below the established primary standard criteria, except for concentrations of Cr in spring, as well as Cu and Zn in autumn at several sampling stations, which had excess rates of 35, 4.76, and 4.76%, respectively. The geoaccumulation index (Igeo) values of heavy metals indicated that all sites had unpolluted to moderate pollution levels. In comparison to the samples collected in autumn, those in spring experienced a higher degree of pollution, particularly Cr and As. The ecological risk indices of heavy metals in sediments ranged from 225.86 to 734.20 in spring and from 196.69 to 567.52 in autumn, suggesting that most sites had a moderate ecological risk or a considerable ecological risk, and very few a had high ecological risk. Moreover, ArcGIS10.2 software was used to visualize their spatial distribution, and the results were similar in both spring and autumn. The results of the Pearson correlation analysis and principal component analysis showed that Cu, Hg, and Pb might be affected by anthropogenic activities, and As might be derived from natural sources such as atmospheric inputs. A cluster analysis showed that heavy metals were mainly affected by the negative impacts of human beings on the environment.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.755873/fullheavy metalsmarine surface sedimentssources apportionmentecological risk assessmentdaya bay |
| spellingShingle | Huijuan Wang Huijuan Wang Zhengqiu Fan Zexing Kuang Zexing Kuang Yuan Yuan Huaxue Liu Honghui Huang Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment Frontiers in Environmental Science heavy metals marine surface sediments sources apportionment ecological risk assessment daya bay |
| title | Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_full | Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_fullStr | Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_short | Heavy Metals in Marine Surface Sediments of Daya Bay, Southern China: Spatial Distribution, Sources Apportionment, and Ecological Risk Assessment |
| title_sort | heavy metals in marine surface sediments of daya bay southern china spatial distribution sources apportionment and ecological risk assessment |
| topic | heavy metals marine surface sediments sources apportionment ecological risk assessment daya bay |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fenvs.2021.755873/full |
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