Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study
Infectious diarrhea affects over four billion individuals annually and causes over a million deaths each year. Though not typically prescribed for treatment of uncomplicated diarrheal disease, antimicrobials serve as a critical part of the armamentarium used to treat severe or persistent cases. Due...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-08-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5928 |
| _version_ | 1797557294699905024 |
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| author | Chris R. Taitt Tomasz A. Leski Michael G. Prouty Gavin W. Ford Vireak Heang Brent L. House Samuel Y. Levin Jennifer A. Curry Adel Mansour Hanan El Mohammady Momtaz Wasfy Drake Hamilton Tilley Michael J. Gregory Matthew R. Kasper James Regeimbal Paul Rios Guillermo Pimentel Brook A. Danboise Christine E. Hulseberg Elizabeth A. Odundo Abigael N. Ombogo Erick K. Cheruiyot Cliff O. Philip Gary J. Vora |
| author_facet | Chris R. Taitt Tomasz A. Leski Michael G. Prouty Gavin W. Ford Vireak Heang Brent L. House Samuel Y. Levin Jennifer A. Curry Adel Mansour Hanan El Mohammady Momtaz Wasfy Drake Hamilton Tilley Michael J. Gregory Matthew R. Kasper James Regeimbal Paul Rios Guillermo Pimentel Brook A. Danboise Christine E. Hulseberg Elizabeth A. Odundo Abigael N. Ombogo Erick K. Cheruiyot Cliff O. Philip Gary J. Vora |
| author_sort | Chris R. Taitt |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Infectious diarrhea affects over four billion individuals annually and causes over a million deaths each year. Though not typically prescribed for treatment of uncomplicated diarrheal disease, antimicrobials serve as a critical part of the armamentarium used to treat severe or persistent cases. Due to widespread over- and misuse of antimicrobials, there has been an alarming increase in global resistance, for which a standardized methodology for geographic surveillance would be highly beneficial. To demonstrate that a standardized methodology could be used to provide molecular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, we initiated a pilot study to test 130 diarrheal pathogens (<i>Campylobacter</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and <i>Shigella</i> spp.) from the USA, Peru, Egypt, Cambodia, and Kenya for the presence/absence of over 200 AMR determinants. We detected a total of 55 different determinants conferring resistance to ten different categories of antimicrobials: genes detected in ≥ 25 samples included <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>tet</i>(A), <i>tet</i>(B), <i>mac</i>(A), <i>mac</i>(B), <i>aadA1/A2</i>, <i>strA</i>, <i>strB</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>qacE</i>Δ1, <i>cmr</i>, and <i>dfrA1</i>. The number of determinants per strain ranged from none (several <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. strains) to sixteen, with isolates from Egypt harboring a wider variety and greater number of genes per isolate than other sites. Two samples harbored carbapenemase genes, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> or <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub>. Genes conferring resistance to azithromycin (<i>ere</i>(A), <i>mph</i>(A)/<i>mph</i>(K), <i>erm</i>(B)), a first-line therapeutic for severe diarrhea, were detected in over 10% of all Enterobacteriaceae tested: these included >25% of the Enterobacteriaceae from Egypt and Kenya. Forty-six percent of the Egyptian Enterobacteriaceae harbored genes encoding CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9 families of extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Overall, the data provide cross-comparable resistome information to establish regional trends in support of international surveillance activities and potentially guide geospatially informed medical care. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:15:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55a2ef3d56d548d99c275e5830db88c6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T17:15:10Z |
| publishDate | 2020-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-55a2ef3d56d548d99c275e5830db88c62023-11-20T10:30:49ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-08-012116592810.3390/ijms21165928Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot StudyChris R. Taitt0Tomasz A. Leski1Michael G. Prouty2Gavin W. Ford3Vireak Heang4Brent L. House5Samuel Y. Levin6Jennifer A. Curry7Adel Mansour8Hanan El Mohammady9Momtaz Wasfy10Drake Hamilton Tilley11Michael J. Gregory12Matthew R. Kasper13James Regeimbal14Paul Rios15Guillermo Pimentel16Brook A. Danboise17Christine E. Hulseberg18Elizabeth A. Odundo19Abigael N. Ombogo20Erick K. Cheruiyot21Cliff O. Philip22Gary J. Vora23US Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USAUS Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USAUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2-Phnom Penh, Blvd Kim Il Sung, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, CambodiaUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2-Phnom Penh, Blvd Kim Il Sung, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, CambodiaUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 2-Phnom Penh, Blvd Kim Il Sung, Khan Toul Kork, Phnom Penh, CambodiaUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 3, Naval Air Station Sigonella, 95030 Sigonella, ItalyUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Naval Medical Research Unit No. 6 Peru, Lima 07001, PeruUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Army Medical Research Directorate-Africa/Kenya, Kericho 20200, KenyaUS Naval Research Laboratory, Center for Biomolecular Science & Engineering, Washington, DC 20375, USAInfectious diarrhea affects over four billion individuals annually and causes over a million deaths each year. Though not typically prescribed for treatment of uncomplicated diarrheal disease, antimicrobials serve as a critical part of the armamentarium used to treat severe or persistent cases. Due to widespread over- and misuse of antimicrobials, there has been an alarming increase in global resistance, for which a standardized methodology for geographic surveillance would be highly beneficial. To demonstrate that a standardized methodology could be used to provide molecular surveillance of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes, we initiated a pilot study to test 130 diarrheal pathogens (<i>Campylobacter</i> spp., <i>Escherichia coli</i>, <i>Salmonella</i>, and <i>Shigella</i> spp.) from the USA, Peru, Egypt, Cambodia, and Kenya for the presence/absence of over 200 AMR determinants. We detected a total of 55 different determinants conferring resistance to ten different categories of antimicrobials: genes detected in ≥ 25 samples included <i>bla</i><sub>TEM</sub>, <i>tet</i>(A), <i>tet</i>(B), <i>mac</i>(A), <i>mac</i>(B), <i>aadA1/A2</i>, <i>strA</i>, <i>strB</i>, <i>sul1</i>, <i>sul2</i>, <i>qacE</i>Δ1, <i>cmr</i>, and <i>dfrA1</i>. The number of determinants per strain ranged from none (several <i>Campylobacter</i> spp. strains) to sixteen, with isolates from Egypt harboring a wider variety and greater number of genes per isolate than other sites. Two samples harbored carbapenemase genes, <i>bla</i><sub>OXA-48</sub> or <i>bla</i><sub>NDM</sub>. Genes conferring resistance to azithromycin (<i>ere</i>(A), <i>mph</i>(A)/<i>mph</i>(K), <i>erm</i>(B)), a first-line therapeutic for severe diarrhea, were detected in over 10% of all Enterobacteriaceae tested: these included >25% of the Enterobacteriaceae from Egypt and Kenya. Forty-six percent of the Egyptian Enterobacteriaceae harbored genes encoding CTX-M-1 or CTX-M-9 families of extended-spectrum β-lactamases. Overall, the data provide cross-comparable resistome information to establish regional trends in support of international surveillance activities and potentially guide geospatially informed medical care.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5928diarrheal pathogenantimicrobial resistance<i>Campylobacter</i><i>Shigella</i><i>Escherichia coli</i><i>Salmonella</i> |
| spellingShingle | Chris R. Taitt Tomasz A. Leski Michael G. Prouty Gavin W. Ford Vireak Heang Brent L. House Samuel Y. Levin Jennifer A. Curry Adel Mansour Hanan El Mohammady Momtaz Wasfy Drake Hamilton Tilley Michael J. Gregory Matthew R. Kasper James Regeimbal Paul Rios Guillermo Pimentel Brook A. Danboise Christine E. Hulseberg Elizabeth A. Odundo Abigael N. Ombogo Erick K. Cheruiyot Cliff O. Philip Gary J. Vora Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study International Journal of Molecular Sciences diarrheal pathogen antimicrobial resistance <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>Shigella</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Salmonella</i> |
| title | Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study |
| title_full | Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study |
| title_fullStr | Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study |
| title_short | Tracking Antimicrobial Resistance Determinants in Diarrheal Pathogens: A Cross-Institutional Pilot Study |
| title_sort | tracking antimicrobial resistance determinants in diarrheal pathogens a cross institutional pilot study |
| topic | diarrheal pathogen antimicrobial resistance <i>Campylobacter</i> <i>Shigella</i> <i>Escherichia coli</i> <i>Salmonella</i> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/16/5928 |
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