Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design
The effective design of metallic metamaterials, characterized by interconnected struts or 'lattices,' hinges on the ability to predict strut and strut intersection ('node') responses. This is critical for predicting the macroscopic properties of structures comprised of thousands...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2024-02-01
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| Series: | Materials & Design |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524000674 |
| _version_ | 1797301587506364416 |
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| author | Nicolò Maria della Ventura Connie Q. Dong Sara A. Messina Rachel R. Collino Glenn H. Balbus Sean P. Donegan Jonathan D. Miller Daniel S. Gianola Matthew R. Begley |
| author_facet | Nicolò Maria della Ventura Connie Q. Dong Sara A. Messina Rachel R. Collino Glenn H. Balbus Sean P. Donegan Jonathan D. Miller Daniel S. Gianola Matthew R. Begley |
| author_sort | Nicolò Maria della Ventura |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The effective design of metallic metamaterials, characterized by interconnected struts or 'lattices,' hinges on the ability to predict strut and strut intersection ('node') responses. This is critical for predicting the macroscopic properties of structures comprised of thousands of struts. Computationally efficient beam descriptions, defined by strut properties like cross-sectional area, modulus, and yield stress, can significantly expedite the prediction of lattice structures and ultimately enable topology optimization. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the properties of electron-beam melted three-dimensional printed struts and their 'nodes'—four intersecting struts. The findings elucidate the efficacy of various strategies for defining effective properties that accurately capture mechanical response. The study reveals that using a single set of effective properties can introduce inconsistencies between strut stiffness, peak load, and critical displacement. Stiffness correlates with averaged cross-sectional areas, while the peak load capacity correlates more closely with minimum inscribed cross-sectional areas. Analysis of nodes indicates that the interaction of surface defects and heterogeneity within the node strongly influences multi-strut response. Data from CT scans, EBSD scans, and nanoindentation maps highlight spatial variations comparable to the strut diameter, posing a significant challenge in defining effective homogenized properties. This study emphasizes the need for future efforts to integrate statistical property distributions with high throughput simulations to overcome the difficulty in defining a representative volume element (RVE) at the strut scale. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:24:44Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55abccd9f25e414e9b20871a6b970d04 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0264-1275 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-07T23:24:44Z |
| publishDate | 2024-02-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Materials & Design |
| spelling | doaj.art-55abccd9f25e414e9b20871a6b970d042024-02-21T05:24:07ZengElsevierMaterials & Design0264-12752024-02-01238112695Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial designNicolò Maria della Ventura0Connie Q. Dong1Sara A. Messina2Rachel R. Collino3Glenn H. Balbus4Sean P. Donegan5Jonathan D. Miller6Daniel S. Gianola7Matthew R. Begley8Department of Materials, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Corresponding authors at: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Materials Science & Technology Division, Los Alamos National Laboratory, Los Alamos, NM 87545, USADepartment of Materials, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USAAir Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USAAir Force Research Laboratory, Materials and Manufacturing Directorate, Wright-Patterson Air Force Base, OH 45433, USADepartment of Materials, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USADepartment of Materials, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA; Corresponding authors at: Department of Mechanical Engineering, The University of California, Santa Barbara, Santa Barbara, CA 93106, USA.The effective design of metallic metamaterials, characterized by interconnected struts or 'lattices,' hinges on the ability to predict strut and strut intersection ('node') responses. This is critical for predicting the macroscopic properties of structures comprised of thousands of struts. Computationally efficient beam descriptions, defined by strut properties like cross-sectional area, modulus, and yield stress, can significantly expedite the prediction of lattice structures and ultimately enable topology optimization. This paper provides a comprehensive examination of the properties of electron-beam melted three-dimensional printed struts and their 'nodes'—four intersecting struts. The findings elucidate the efficacy of various strategies for defining effective properties that accurately capture mechanical response. The study reveals that using a single set of effective properties can introduce inconsistencies between strut stiffness, peak load, and critical displacement. Stiffness correlates with averaged cross-sectional areas, while the peak load capacity correlates more closely with minimum inscribed cross-sectional areas. Analysis of nodes indicates that the interaction of surface defects and heterogeneity within the node strongly influences multi-strut response. Data from CT scans, EBSD scans, and nanoindentation maps highlight spatial variations comparable to the strut diameter, posing a significant challenge in defining effective homogenized properties. This study emphasizes the need for future efforts to integrate statistical property distributions with high throughput simulations to overcome the difficulty in defining a representative volume element (RVE) at the strut scale.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524000674Additive manufacturingTitanium alloyHomogenizationMaterial heterogeneityEffective properties |
| spellingShingle | Nicolò Maria della Ventura Connie Q. Dong Sara A. Messina Rachel R. Collino Glenn H. Balbus Sean P. Donegan Jonathan D. Miller Daniel S. Gianola Matthew R. Begley Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design Materials & Design Additive manufacturing Titanium alloy Homogenization Material heterogeneity Effective properties |
| title | Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| title_full | Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| title_fullStr | Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| title_short | Heterogeneity in millimeter-scale Ti-6Al-4V lattice primitives: Challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| title_sort | heterogeneity in millimeter scale ti 6al 4v lattice primitives challenges in defining effective properties for metamaterial design |
| topic | Additive manufacturing Titanium alloy Homogenization Material heterogeneity Effective properties |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0264127524000674 |
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