Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking
Subtle toxic effects may be masked in traditional assays that average or summate the response of thousands of cells. We overcome this by using the recent method of single cell tracking in time-lapse recordings. This follows the fate and behavior of individual cells and their progeny and provides una...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/460 |
| _version_ | 1797407697956503552 |
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| author | Morgan Wishney Swarna Mahadevan James Anthony Cornwell Tom Savage Nick Proschogo M. Ali Darendeliler Hans Zoellner |
| author_facet | Morgan Wishney Swarna Mahadevan James Anthony Cornwell Tom Savage Nick Proschogo M. Ali Darendeliler Hans Zoellner |
| author_sort | Morgan Wishney |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Subtle toxic effects may be masked in traditional assays that average or summate the response of thousands of cells. We overcome this by using the recent method of single cell tracking in time-lapse recordings. This follows the fate and behavior of individual cells and their progeny and provides unambiguous results for multiple simultaneous biological responses. Further, single cell tracking permits correlation between progeny relationships and cell behavior that is not otherwise possible, including disruption by toxins and toxicants of similarity between paired sister cells. Notably, single cell tracking seems not to have been previously used to study biomaterials toxicity. The culture medium was pre-conditioned by 79 days incubation with orthodontic brackets from seven separate commercial sources. Metal levels were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Metal levels varied amongst conditioned media, with elevated Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu and often Mo, Pb, Zn, Pd, and Ag were occasionally found. The effect on human dermal fibroblasts was determined by single cell tracking. All bracket-conditioned media reduced cell division (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while some reduced cell migration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Most bracket-conditioned media increased the rate of asynchronous sister cell division (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a seemingly novel measure for toxicity. No clear effect on cell morphology was seen. We conclude that orthodontic brackets have cytotoxic effects, and that single cell tracking is effective for the study of subtle biomaterials cytotoxicity. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:17Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55af379d5b22410ebd43e6a7e6f4daee |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2305-6304 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T03:45:17Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxics |
| spelling | doaj.art-55af379d5b22410ebd43e6a7e6f4daee2023-12-03T14:34:57ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-08-0110846010.3390/toxics10080460Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell TrackingMorgan Wishney0Swarna Mahadevan1James Anthony Cornwell2Tom Savage3Nick Proschogo4M. Ali Darendeliler5Hans Zoellner6Discipline of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, AustraliaThe Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaThe Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaSchool of Geosciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaSchool of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2006, AustraliaDiscipline of Orthodontics, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney Dental Hospital, Surry Hills, NSW 2010, AustraliaThe Cellular and Molecular Pathology Research Unit, Oral Pathology and Oral Medicine, Sydney Dental School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Westmead Centre for Oral Health, Westmead Hospital, Westmead, NSW 2145, AustraliaSubtle toxic effects may be masked in traditional assays that average or summate the response of thousands of cells. We overcome this by using the recent method of single cell tracking in time-lapse recordings. This follows the fate and behavior of individual cells and their progeny and provides unambiguous results for multiple simultaneous biological responses. Further, single cell tracking permits correlation between progeny relationships and cell behavior that is not otherwise possible, including disruption by toxins and toxicants of similarity between paired sister cells. Notably, single cell tracking seems not to have been previously used to study biomaterials toxicity. The culture medium was pre-conditioned by 79 days incubation with orthodontic brackets from seven separate commercial sources. Metal levels were determined by Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry. Metal levels varied amongst conditioned media, with elevated Cr, Mn, Ni, and Cu and often Mo, Pb, Zn, Pd, and Ag were occasionally found. The effect on human dermal fibroblasts was determined by single cell tracking. All bracket-conditioned media reduced cell division (<i>p</i> < 0.05), while some reduced cell migration (<i>p</i> < 0.05). Most bracket-conditioned media increased the rate of asynchronous sister cell division (<i>p</i> < 0.05), a seemingly novel measure for toxicity. No clear effect on cell morphology was seen. We conclude that orthodontic brackets have cytotoxic effects, and that single cell tracking is effective for the study of subtle biomaterials cytotoxicity.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/460single cell trackingcytotoxicityorthodontic bracketsmaterial toxicitysister cells |
| spellingShingle | Morgan Wishney Swarna Mahadevan James Anthony Cornwell Tom Savage Nick Proschogo M. Ali Darendeliler Hans Zoellner Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking Toxics single cell tracking cytotoxicity orthodontic brackets material toxicity sister cells |
| title | Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking |
| title_full | Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking |
| title_fullStr | Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking |
| title_full_unstemmed | Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking |
| title_short | Toxicity of Orthodontic Brackets Examined by Single Cell Tracking |
| title_sort | toxicity of orthodontic brackets examined by single cell tracking |
| topic | single cell tracking cytotoxicity orthodontic brackets material toxicity sister cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/460 |
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