Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers
In this study, a novel amphiphilic KL-AA-MMA nanoparticle was prepared through the graft copolymerization of kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), using potassium persulfate as an initiator in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent medium, which was followed by the nano...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Nanomaterials |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2612 |
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| author | Yingchao Wang Niloofar Alipoormazandarani Lauren Skye Puumala Weijue Gao Shanshan Liu Fangong Kong Qiang Wang Pedram Fatehi |
| author_facet | Yingchao Wang Niloofar Alipoormazandarani Lauren Skye Puumala Weijue Gao Shanshan Liu Fangong Kong Qiang Wang Pedram Fatehi |
| author_sort | Yingchao Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In this study, a novel amphiphilic KL-AA-MMA nanoparticle was prepared through the graft copolymerization of kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), using potassium persulfate as an initiator in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent medium, which was followed by the nanoprecipitation technique using dimethylformamide as a solvent and deionized water as an antisolvent. The successful graft polymerization was verified by <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), <sup>31</sup>P-NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses; and the grafting yield of the generated KL-AA-MMA copolymer ranged from 68.2% to 96.5%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed the formation of amorphous KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles. Additionally, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles with the highest yield exhibited the minimum hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity of 261 nm and 0.153, respectively. Moreover, the amphiphilicity of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles was significantly improved by the grafting of MMA monomers. Finally, the adsorption performance of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles at the xylene interface was evaluated by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The results demonstrated that the most amphiphilic sample, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles, with the smallest hydrodynamic size displayed the highest adsorption on the oil/water interface. This product provides a wide range of applications in oil/water emulsions. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:59Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-55c7dd04d259445bab815f98cb4748b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-4991 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T05:08:59Z |
| publishDate | 2022-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
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| series | Nanomaterials |
| spelling | doaj.art-55c7dd04d259445bab815f98cb4748b82023-12-03T12:52:05ZengMDPI AGNanomaterials2079-49912022-07-011215261210.3390/nano12152612Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate CopolymersYingchao Wang0Niloofar Alipoormazandarani1Lauren Skye Puumala2Weijue Gao3Shanshan Liu4Fangong Kong5Qiang Wang6Pedram Fatehi7State Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaGreen Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, CanadaGreen Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, CanadaGreen Processes Research Centre, Lakehead University, 955 Oliver Road, Thunder Bay, ON P7B 5E1, CanadaState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Biobased Material and Green Papermaking, Qilu University of Technology (Shandong Academy of Sciences), Jinan 250353, ChinaIn this study, a novel amphiphilic KL-AA-MMA nanoparticle was prepared through the graft copolymerization of kraft lignin (KL) with acrylic acid (AA) and methyl methacrylate (MMA), using potassium persulfate as an initiator in a water/dimethyl sulfoxide solvent medium, which was followed by the nanoprecipitation technique using dimethylformamide as a solvent and deionized water as an antisolvent. The successful graft polymerization was verified by <sup>1</sup>H-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), <sup>31</sup>P-NMR, and Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) analyses; and the grafting yield of the generated KL-AA-MMA copolymer ranged from 68.2% to 96.5%. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) observation revealed the formation of amorphous KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles. Additionally, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles with the highest yield exhibited the minimum hydrodynamic diameter and polydispersity of 261 nm and 0.153, respectively. Moreover, the amphiphilicity of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles was significantly improved by the grafting of MMA monomers. Finally, the adsorption performance of KL-AA-MMA nanoparticles at the xylene interface was evaluated by a quartz crystal microbalance with dissipation (QCM-D). The results demonstrated that the most amphiphilic sample, KL-AA-MMA9 nanoparticles, with the smallest hydrodynamic size displayed the highest adsorption on the oil/water interface. This product provides a wide range of applications in oil/water emulsions.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2612ligninacrylic acidmethyl methacrylatecopolymerizationamphiphilicnanoparticles |
| spellingShingle | Yingchao Wang Niloofar Alipoormazandarani Lauren Skye Puumala Weijue Gao Shanshan Liu Fangong Kong Qiang Wang Pedram Fatehi Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers Nanomaterials lignin acrylic acid methyl methacrylate copolymerization amphiphilic nanoparticles |
| title | Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers |
| title_full | Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers |
| title_fullStr | Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers |
| title_full_unstemmed | Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers |
| title_short | Amphiphilic Lignin Nanoparticles Made from Lignin-Acrylic Acid-Methyl Methacrylate Copolymers |
| title_sort | amphiphilic lignin nanoparticles made from lignin acrylic acid methyl methacrylate copolymers |
| topic | lignin acrylic acid methyl methacrylate copolymerization amphiphilic nanoparticles |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-4991/12/15/2612 |
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