Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle
This study examined the formulation of Microalgal Chloroform Extracts (MEs) and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) co-application for anticancer activity against MCF-7 and 4T1 cells, without affecting the non-cancerous Vero cell-lines. The concentration, ratios and duration of treatments were optimized, a...
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Elsevier
2020-12-01
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Series: | Journal of King Saud University: Science |
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Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364720303189 |
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author | Hanaa Ali Hussein Habsah Mohamad Maziah Mohd Ghazaly A.A. Laith Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah |
author_facet | Hanaa Ali Hussein Habsah Mohamad Maziah Mohd Ghazaly A.A. Laith Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah |
author_sort | Hanaa Ali Hussein |
collection | DOAJ |
description | This study examined the formulation of Microalgal Chloroform Extracts (MEs) and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) co-application for anticancer activity against MCF-7 and 4T1 cells, without affecting the non-cancerous Vero cell-lines. The concentration, ratios and duration of treatments were optimized, and the flow cytometric and cell cycle analyses were carried out. The metabolites based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were determined and the antioxidant activities evaluated. The main compounds detected in Chlorella sp. and N. oculata, respectively, were hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (23.94, 36.47%), neophytadiene (16.82, 4.79%), eicosane (4.37, 15.04%), hexatriacontane (0, 12.77%), and 13-Docosenamide, (Z) (9.22, 0%). The AgNPs-N. oculata-CHL at (w/w) 1.5:1 and 2:1 ratios (w/w) exhibited cytotoxic IC50 of 10.47 and 17.78 µg/mL on MCF-7 cells; and 79.43 and 52.7 µg/mL against 4T1 cells after 72 h, respectively. The AgNPs-Chlorella sp.-CHL at 1:1 and 2:1 ratios exhibited IC50 of 19.05 and 14.45 µg/mL against MCF-7 cells; and 79.43 and 50.11 µg/mL on 4T1 cells after 72 h, respectively. There was no cytotoxicity against Vero cells at any of the treatments tested. The co-applications showed higher early and late apoptotic events and significant increase in sub G1 phase as compared to the single-applications. At the 2:1 ratio, the strongest anti-oxidant activities were shown by the AgNPs-Chlorella sp.-CHL (IC50 2.11 mg/mL) and N. oculata-CHL (IC50 2.98 mg/mL), as compared to the AgNPs-T. suecica-CHL (IC50 1.77 mg/mL). The AgNPs-MEs co-application exerted high anticancer and antioxidant activities, with no cytotoxic activity against Vero cells. The formulation could lead to the development of potent therapeutic agents against breast cancer with reduced or no side effect. |
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spelling | doaj.art-55d1c91bbced4b74928739b9a7dcc7ac2022-12-21T18:19:03ZengElsevierJournal of King Saud University: Science1018-36472020-12-0132834863494Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticleHanaa Ali Hussein0Habsah Mohamad1Maziah Mohd Ghazaly2A.A. Laith3Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah4Institute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; College of Dentistry, University of Basrah, Basrah, IraqInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaSchool of Fundamental Science, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaSchool of Fisheries and Aquaculture Sciences, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, MalaysiaInstitute of Marine Biotechnology, Universiti Malaysia Terengganu, 21030 Kuala Nerus, Terengganu, Malaysia; Corresponding author.This study examined the formulation of Microalgal Chloroform Extracts (MEs) and Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) co-application for anticancer activity against MCF-7 and 4T1 cells, without affecting the non-cancerous Vero cell-lines. The concentration, ratios and duration of treatments were optimized, and the flow cytometric and cell cycle analyses were carried out. The metabolites based on Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC–MS) were determined and the antioxidant activities evaluated. The main compounds detected in Chlorella sp. and N. oculata, respectively, were hexanedioic acid, bis (2-ethylhexyl) ester (23.94, 36.47%), neophytadiene (16.82, 4.79%), eicosane (4.37, 15.04%), hexatriacontane (0, 12.77%), and 13-Docosenamide, (Z) (9.22, 0%). The AgNPs-N. oculata-CHL at (w/w) 1.5:1 and 2:1 ratios (w/w) exhibited cytotoxic IC50 of 10.47 and 17.78 µg/mL on MCF-7 cells; and 79.43 and 52.7 µg/mL against 4T1 cells after 72 h, respectively. The AgNPs-Chlorella sp.-CHL at 1:1 and 2:1 ratios exhibited IC50 of 19.05 and 14.45 µg/mL against MCF-7 cells; and 79.43 and 50.11 µg/mL on 4T1 cells after 72 h, respectively. There was no cytotoxicity against Vero cells at any of the treatments tested. The co-applications showed higher early and late apoptotic events and significant increase in sub G1 phase as compared to the single-applications. At the 2:1 ratio, the strongest anti-oxidant activities were shown by the AgNPs-Chlorella sp.-CHL (IC50 2.11 mg/mL) and N. oculata-CHL (IC50 2.98 mg/mL), as compared to the AgNPs-T. suecica-CHL (IC50 1.77 mg/mL). The AgNPs-MEs co-application exerted high anticancer and antioxidant activities, with no cytotoxic activity against Vero cells. The formulation could lead to the development of potent therapeutic agents against breast cancer with reduced or no side effect.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364720303189Natural productsMicroalgaeSilver nanoparticleCo-applicationAnticancer formulationAntioxidant activity |
spellingShingle | Hanaa Ali Hussein Habsah Mohamad Maziah Mohd Ghazaly A.A. Laith Mohd Azmuddin Abdullah Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle Journal of King Saud University: Science Natural products Microalgae Silver nanoparticle Co-application Anticancer formulation Antioxidant activity |
title | Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle |
title_full | Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle |
title_fullStr | Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle |
title_full_unstemmed | Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle |
title_short | Anticancer and antioxidant activities of Nannochloropsis oculata and Chlorella sp. extracts in co-application with silver nanoparticle |
title_sort | anticancer and antioxidant activities of nannochloropsis oculata and chlorella sp extracts in co application with silver nanoparticle |
topic | Natural products Microalgae Silver nanoparticle Co-application Anticancer formulation Antioxidant activity |
url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1018364720303189 |
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